农田水利设施供给水平综合评价

对河南、宁夏、陕西3个省(自治区)180个村庄进行实地调查,采用因子分析法对农田水利设施的供给水平相关指标进行量化分析,计算得到所调查村庄的农田水利设施供给水平的综合得分与排名;将农田水利设施供给水平标准化后作为因变量,选用Tobit模型探析农田水利设施供给水平的主要影响因素。结果表明,农田水利设施供给水平总体得分低于平均水平,3个省（自治区）差异较大,只有宁夏的农田水利设施供给水平高于平均水平,综合得分值为0.065;其次是陕西省,综合得分值为-0.01;河南省排名最后,综合得分值仅为-0.056。对影响农田水利设施供给水平的影响因素进行回归分析,结果表明,距县城距离、打工人数比、是否为示范基地、政府投资力度和农户收入差异对农田水利设施供给水平有显著影响。打工日工资水平、村庄经济状况差异、是否有小农水重点建设项目对农田水利设施供给水平没有显著影响。     

我国核电上市公司技术效率研究——基于超效率DEA模型的实证分析

在能源枯竭与环境污染的双重压力下,提高核能效率至关重要。文章从微观上市公司层面对核能技术效率进行研究。运用超效率DEA模型对我国核电上市公司的2009—2014年的技术效率进行测算,在数据处理上创新性地把宏观层面的指标数据平减运用于微观层面。在此基础上运用Tobit模型从财务及非财务两个方面的影响因素对我国核电上市公司技术效率的影响因素进行研究并提出政策建议。结果表明:短期偿债能力、盈利能力、公司规模对我国核电上市公司技术效率有显著的正的影响。长期偿债能力对我国核电上市公司技术效率有显著的负的影响;营运能力、员工教育程度、公司技术构成、研发能力对我国核电上市公司技术效率无显著影响。所以,我国核电上市公司应适当降低公司的长期负债,适当提高流动负债,提高公司的盈利能力,扩大公司规模。     

风险-收益感知对核电公众接受度的影响机制分析——基于广州大学城的调研

此项研究探讨了风险感知与收益感知互动作用对核能接受度的影响机制。研究发现,不同程度的风险-收益感知对核电接受度的影响程度不同。其中,低风险-高收益感知的公众对核能的接受度最高,其次是高风险-高收益感知和低风险-低收益感知的公众,而高风险-低收益感知的公众对核能的接受度最低。对于影响风险-收益感知的因素,公众参与的影响最为显著,其次是对专家和政府的信任。信任和公众参与是通过风险-收益感知的中介变量,间接影响公众的核电接受度。     

关于我国能源革命与核电发展的探讨

2014年6月习近平在中央财经领导小组第六次会议指出:"必须推动能源生产和消费革命"和"抓紧启动东部沿海地区新的核电项目建设"。世界能源革命的历史表明:能源革命从低碳能源向高碳能源又回归到低碳能源;第一次能源革命促进了生产力巨大发展,同时也导致了资源耗用、生态损害和环境污染。从而引发低碳经济的新能源第二次革命。因此,我国能源革命不能走西方发达国家老路,应进行以核能为主的新能源革命。能源消费、能源供给、能源体制、能源技术革命和国际合作是我国新能源革命的任务,我国能源革命要实现三步跨越并为两步跨越具有长期性和复杂性,需要一代人的努力,直到21世界中叶建国100周年时才可能完成。各国大量资料证明:核电是化石能最有潜力、高效、清洁、可靠的替代能源,能承担替代化石能源的重任。     

基于DRSA-T0PSIS法的我国核电上市公司竞争力评价

竞争力是公司综合实力的一个体现,文章对竞争力的评价构建了评价指标体系,以我国核电上市公司为例,运用优势粗糙集将上市公司分类,并运用改进T0PSIS法对其中一类进行排名,以达到简化的作用,而提取出的规则也为今后的竞争力评价提供了参考。     

核电企业社会责任测量维度初探

企业社会责任的履行状况是衡量企业管理水平和社会效益的重要标志。核电作为一种特殊行业,为人们所关注。日本福岛核事故以来,人们对核电发展一直持保守态度,其主要原因在于对核电的安全性存在担忧,同时对核电企业社会责任的履行状况了解不足。文章从利益相关者理论出发,对核电企业的社会责任进行了界定,将核电企业社会责任主体分为政府、股东、员工、环境和社区5个维度,并细化为17个具体的测量指标,最后通过调查问卷进行验证,分析结果表明上述测量指标能准确测度出核电企业社会责任的主要内容。     

核电厂数字化主控室班组布局协作行为方式可靠度模拟研究

核电厂主控室运行过程一般由4-10人共同完成,显然,团队成员必须紧密合作才能完成任务,该研究就是用来测试班组布局协作方式的效果。文章描述了班组布局四种协作行为方式,每种类别的协作行为方式分为两种情况。实验过程设计了特定的语境、影响因子及蒸汽传热管断裂事故一回路的协作点,通过模拟实验获得了每种协作方式的协作时间和失误率,更好的协作方式及每种协作方式的性能。     

How a Nuclear Power Plant Accident Influences Acceptance of Nuclear Power: Results of a Longitudinal Study Before and After the Fukushima Disaster

Major nuclear accidents, such as the recent accident in Fukushima, Japan, have been shown to decrease the public's acceptance of nuclear power. However, little is known about how a serious accident affects people's acceptance of nuclear power and the determinants of acceptance. We conducted a longitudinal study (N= 790) in Switzerland: one survey was done five months before and one directly after the accident in Fukushima. We assessed acceptance, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and trust related to nuclear power stations. In our model, we assumed that both benefit and risk perceptions determine acceptance of nuclear power. We further hypothesized that trust influences benefit and risk perceptions and that trust before a disaster relates to trust after a disaster. Results showed that the acceptance and perceptions of nuclear power as well as its trust were more negative after the accident. In our model, perceived benefits and risks determined the acceptance of nuclear power stations both before and after Fukushima. Trust had strong effects on perceived benefits and risks, at both times. People's trust before Fukushima strongly influenced their trust after the accident. In addition, perceived benefits before Fukushima correlated with perceived benefits after the accident. Thus, the nuclear accident did not seem to have changed the relations between the determinants of acceptance. Even after a severe accident, the public may still consider the benefits as relevant, and trust remains important for determining their risk and benefit perceptions. A discussion of the benefits of nuclear power seems most likely to affect the public's acceptance of nuclear power, even after a nuclear accident.     

Energy Choices and Risk Beliefs: Is It Just Global Warming and Fear of a Nuclear Power Plant Accident?

A survey of 3,200 U.S. residents focused on two issues associated with the use of nuclear and coal fuels to produce electrical energy. The first was the association between risk beliefs and preferences for coal and nuclear energy. As expected, concern about nuclear power plant accidents led to decreased support for nuclear power, and those who believed that coal causes global warming preferred less coal use. Yet other risk beliefs about the coal and nuclear energy fuel cycles were stronger or equal correlates of public preferences. The second issue is the existence of what we call acknowledged risk takers, respondents who favored increased reliance on nuclear energy, although also noting that there could be a serious nuclear plant accident, and those who favored greater coal use, despite acknowledging a link to global warming. The pro‐nuclear group disproportionately was affluent educated white males, and the pro‐coal group was relatively poor less educated African‐American and Latino females. Yet both shared four similarities: older age, trust in management, belief that the energy facilities help the local economy, and individualistic personal values. These findings show that there is no single public with regard to energy preferences and risk beliefs. Rather, there are multiple populations with different viewpoints that surely would benefit by hearing a clear and comprehensive national energy life cycle policy from the national government.     

企业防范核事故风险的法律责任分析——以日本“福岛核事故”为视角

核能的开发利用在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也伴随着各种潜在的风险。对于核能产生的各种风险,政府、企业、国际组织和公众都有防范的责任。从福岛核事故的发生和发展情况来看,核企业在预防和应对核能风险方面负有不可推卸的责任。对企业防范核事故风险责任的适用原则和构成进行规范是我们尽量避免和减少核事故风险发生的有效手段。