上海为老服务设施的问题与建议

人口老龄化是全球人口发展的必然趋势。随着人口老龄化的加重．养老问题逐渐成为各界关注的热点之一。自1979年上海进入老龄化社会以来,人口老龄化程度日益加剧,政府加快了为老服务设施建设,这在一定程度上缓解了老年人口的养老问题,但现有的为老服务设施仍存在许多不足之处。本文以上海为老服务设施的现状分析为基础,找出为老服务设施发展中的存在问题,从而对上海进一步发展为老服务设施提出相应的对策建议。     

Family characteristics of children in cases of alleged abuse and neglect

Information is presented about the family composition, structure and significant relationships of 2069 children referred to an English social services department for suspected abuse and neglect. Of these children, 373 (18%) were subsequently placed on the child abuse register. Very few members of extended families were recorded as being significant in the lives of these children. Contrary to earlier research, less than one‐third of children lived with a lone or unmarried mother. However, children whose parents were married and living together were less likely to be registered. Nearly half of the mothers and one‐fifth of the fathers of registered children were aged 21 or less at their child's birth. Compared to all those referred, a significantly larger number of children registered were conceived by younger or older men. Two in five of the siblings of registered children were under 6, and the younger the siblings, the more likely the child was to be registered. Children with two or more siblings were also more likely to be registered. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contracting out of basic health facilities in Pakistan: Are the lessons generalizable?

Amid growing support within international development agencies for the privatization of health facilities in developing countries, contracting out of the Basic Health Units (BHUs) in Pakistan has been presented as a success. This article argues for caution in generalizing results from this model. It shows that the model improved service delivery because the organization taking over the BHUs was itself a government‐owned QUANGO (Quasi‐Autonomous NGO); similar concessions would not have been granted to a private provider. Further, the article shows that, given the strong resistance that the model continues to receive from administrators within the state system, development agencies must consider whether models that try to sidestep the bureaucracy instead of working towards installing good practice within the state system, can be viewed as a success.     

提高大学经济效益的路径探析

自从我国推行科教兴国的方针之后,我国的教育事业就有了突飞猛进的发展。但是教育经费不足已成为制约我国教育发展的一大瓶颈。因而,高校在保证社会效益的同时,必须提高自身的经济效益。文章从经济角度出发,分析了高校现阶段存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

以社会公共设施为导向促进新城发展——基于上海市松江新城建设的调查

发展新城是上海解决城市问题的一个必然选择,但是经过长时间的发展却并不成功。通过对中心城以及松江新城的调研发现,新城发展忽视了高质量社会公共设施缺失的问题,从而导致新城对中心城依赖性大,独立性差。因此,理想新城的建设必须重视公共服务设施导向的开发,同时结合快速便捷的公共交通系统,才能最终真正实现新城优化城市布局和产业结构,促进区域均衡发展的目的。     

我国城市老年人居住环境现状与问题初探

老年人居住环境的改善是时代赋予建筑师的新命题。通过对我国部分城市老年人居住环境现状的考察,初步分析现在的问题,为老年人居住环境的切实改善提供依据。并介绍了日本该领域的研究方法与研究视点,以提供参考借鉴.关键词：##4老年人;;老年人设施;;居住环境;;人──环境关系     

供应商核损害赔偿责任豁免的反思与重构

基于保护受害人和促进核工业发展的考虑,豁免供应商对第三方的核损害赔偿责任成为国际惯例。但在实践中,责任豁免的范围被扩大到因供应商过错造成的核事故对营运人的损害。笔者认为,供应商核损害赔偿责任的绝对豁免不仅造成供应商与营运人权利义务的绝对失衡,有违公平公正,而且不利于敦促供应商加强质量管理与监督,从源头上防范核事故的发生。文章进而对供应商核损害赔偿责任进行了从绝对豁免到相对豁免的重构,建议明确规定供应商对因其原因造成核事故引起的核设施本身及营运人其他现场财产的损害承担赔偿责任,细化责任的实现途径。同时,借鉴各国在食品、药品等特殊领域废除适用发展风险抗辩的做法,要求核材料、核产品供应商承担产品发展风险责任。     

关于我国核电发展趋势的构想

核电发展是我国经济发展必然的战略选择。日本核事故提醒我们要更加重视核安全,依托技术的发展,我国未来核电安全发展呈现:技术标准化、操作简约化;核裂变向快堆、核聚变方向发展;核电机组可运输性和小型化;核电技术应用宽泛化等特征。核电发展方向明确,前途光明。     

对我国发展核电若干关键问题的分析与看法

我国政府提出了“积极发展核电”的战略任务。这就要求制定核电发展长远规划,统一核电发展技术路线,未来10年还需建设一批”二代 ”核电机组,制定与采用核安全法规标准,成立国家核电技术公司,明确核电建设和营运项目业主资格条件,提升核承压设备国产化能力,保证天然铀可持续供应,加强放射性废物管理,启动内陆核电站项目,强化国家核安全监管能力,加强核电人才培养。     

中国周边战略与朝鲜半岛统一前景

中国新政府重视周边的外交战略逐渐显现。中国的外交重点正在向周边国家和地区倾斜。这对朝鲜半岛的前景以及朝核问题的进程都将产生重大影响,主要表现在三个方面:一、中国将加大对朝鲜的政治影响和经济帮助,中朝关系更加紧密而不是相反;二、朝鲜的极端行为将减少,半岛局势进一步缓和;三、中国与相关大国围绕朝核问题的协商与协调将不断增加。与此同时,美国因素在半岛进程中的影响呈现下降的趋势,半岛议题将从安全领域逐渐向经济领域过渡。在上述条件都成为现实的情况下,讨论朝鲜半岛和平统一才具有可能性和可行性。半岛的统一应该具有和平性、对称性、自发性、渐进性等特征。