Creative cultural production and ethnocultural revitalization among minority groups in Russia

ABSTRACT

In this article, I discuss how globally circulated forms of creative cultural production and digital technologies are appropriated by minority ethnocultural activists in Russia, and how these processes result in new forms of expression of ethnic culture and reinterpretation of minority cultural heritage. I focus on creative cultural and digital initiatives that have emerged within the last 5–7 years in an autonomous region of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Tatarstan. These initiatives were launched by young grass-roots activists and entrepreneurs who are Tatars – an ethnic group that predominantly resides in the Republic of Tatarstan. As a republic with a certain degree of autonomy under the Russian federal legislation, Tatarstan has been the centre of the Tatar classic cultural production (theatre, music, arts, and literature), as well as of the Tatar language education. Under the policies of centralization and cultural unification Russia has pursued under the presidency of Vladimir Putin (2000 onwards), most of the political autonomy arrangements that Tatarstan achieved in the 1990s have been dismantled. The new restrictive ideological climate in Russia has repercussions for activism around ethnocultural questions, such as preservation of minority language and identity. At the same time, dissemination of transnational forms of cultural production and the advancement of digital technologies in Russia contribute to innovative cultural developments in the regions. Adapting these global formats and genres to the local cultural activities, the young members of the Tatar community develop new forms of ethnocultural activism. They produce alternative ways of representing and articulating ethnic identity, which depart sharply from the Soviet-born templates of representing ethnic culture. The urban activities these groups pursue allow for the de-politicization of ethnocultural activism in the conditions of an increasingly restrictive ideological and political climate in which minority activism is often equated with separatism.     

日本服务性语言研究

服务性语言在日本司空见惯 ,已成为日本独特的文化现象 ,分析探讨其作用和规律 ,有助于了解日本的语言文化现象和信息社会特点 ,有助于借鉴其经验 ,拓展汉语语言功能 ,创造中国德治文化的氛围。     

The creative countryside: Policy and practice in the UK rural cultural economy

This paper explores emerging policymaking and research into rural creative industries, drawing on a case study from the county of Shropshire in the UK. It begins with a critique of existing creative industries policy, which is argued to focus almost exclusively on the urban as the site of creative work. The paper highlights an emerging body of critique of this neglect of the rural in cultural policy, which is matched by a neglect of the cultural in rural policy. Attention then turns to an investigation of the size, scope and characteristics of the creative sector in Shropshire, with findings based on a consultancy report commissioned by public sector actors keen to highlight and promote the county's creative work. This material is used to illustrate some of the distinctive issues facing the UK rural creative sector, which current policy is ill-equipped to address. The paper ends by reflecting these findings back to the broader academic and policy contexts.     

主要沿海国家海洋经济发展比较研究

据《2006年海洋经济公报》显示,“十五”期间,海洋经济持续快速发展,对地区社会经济发展和国民经济的贡献越来越显著。海洋经济的迅猛发展不仅是我国经济发展的一种现象,并且是世界经济发展的一种趋势。本文通过对世界海洋经济发展进行分析以及对主要沿海国家海洋经济发展进行比较研究,对比世界以及沿海各国海洋经济发展特点,最终总结出世界海洋经济的发展趋势。     

培育战略产业 实现西部跨越式发展

通过分析培育西部战略产业的原因和必要性,提出培育以“市场导向型”为主的战略产业群及相应的政策建议。     

珠江三角洲IT制造业的集聚机制与竞争优势

珠江三角洲IT制造业集群现象受到越来越多的关注,如何理解其生成发展的机制,对于揭示珠江三角洲外向型经济的结构调整和持续竞争优势无疑具有极为重要的意义.该文通过对珠江三角洲IT制造业组织结构演变和国际IT资本网络微观机制的考察,揭示了珠江三角洲IT制造业的集聚机制,在此基础上探讨了90年代以来基于企业集群优势的珠江三角洲外向型经济的竞争优势和产业结构调整等问题,并提出在中国加入WTO和CEPA条件下有别于比较优势的集群竞争优势.     

供应商核损害赔偿责任豁免的反思与重构

基于保护受害人和促进核工业发展的考虑,豁免供应商对第三方的核损害赔偿责任成为国际惯例。但在实践中,责任豁免的范围被扩大到因供应商过错造成的核事故对营运人的损害。笔者认为,供应商核损害赔偿责任的绝对豁免不仅造成供应商与营运人权利义务的绝对失衡,有违公平公正,而且不利于敦促供应商加强质量管理与监督,从源头上防范核事故的发生。文章进而对供应商核损害赔偿责任进行了从绝对豁免到相对豁免的重构,建议明确规定供应商对因其原因造成核事故引起的核设施本身及营运人其他现场财产的损害承担赔偿责任,细化责任的实现途径。同时,借鉴各国在食品、药品等特殊领域废除适用发展风险抗辩的做法,要求核材料、核产品供应商承担产品发展风险责任。     

产业开放背景下的普遍服务问题之我见

在讨论中国自然垄断产业的改革时 ,产业开放以后国内企业的竞争力和普遍服务问题成为两个备受关注的焦点。实际上 ,随着我国加入 WTO后的市场开放 ,这两个问题应该作为一个整体来研究 ,作者认为我国的行业改组应当考虑基础产业的实际发展水平 ,主张通过实施竞争性普遍服务制度来加以解决     

行政垄断的成因、类型及法律对策

行政垄断是传统计划经济体制的伴生物,其生存的土壤是资源配置的高度计划性与行政性。在体制转轨时期,行政垄断不仅普遍存在,而且严重阻碍着有序竞争和市场经济体制的形成。文章分析了行政垄断形成的原因及表现形式,在此基础上提出了规制行政垄断的法律对策。     

关于我国核电发展趋势的构想

核电发展是我国经济发展必然的战略选择。日本核事故提醒我们要更加重视核安全,依托技术的发展,我国未来核电安全发展呈现:技术标准化、操作简约化;核裂变向快堆、核聚变方向发展;核电机组可运输性和小型化;核电技术应用宽泛化等特征。核电发展方向明确,前途光明。