多产品救援物资的储备决策:一个扩展的Newsvendor模型

储备一定数量的救援物资用于应对可能的灾害事件对于改善救援工作的绩效有着重要的意义。在考虑救援组织机构面对多种可能的灾害事件的基础上,本文利用一个二阶段交付过程模型来刻画灾害事件发生后救援物资的交付。该模型明确救灾组织在灾害事件发生后首先交付储备物资,如果需求短缺则再综合利用社会捐赠物资和应急采购满足剩余需求。以期望总成本最小化为目标,在需求全部被满足的前提下,本文建立了多产品救援物资的储备决策模型,并给出了其最优解的隐函数形式。进一步,考虑救灾物资储备存在预算限制,研究了具有预算限制的多产品救援物资储备决策模型,并设计了一种二分法的求解算法。数值算例的计算结果则对所建立模型及算法进行了检验。     

Perceived Risks from Radiation and Nuclear Testing Near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: A Comparison Between Physicians, Scientists, and the Public

Determining the difference in perception of risk between experts, or more educated professionals, and laypeople is important so that a potential hazard can be effectively communicated to the public. Many surveys have been conducted to better understand the difference between expert and public opinions, and often laypeople exhibit higher perceptions of risk to hazards in comparison to experts. This is especially true when health risk is due to radiation, nuclear power, and nuclear waste. This article focuses on one section of a risk perception survey given to two groups of individuals with a more specialized education (scientists and physicians) and laypeople (villagers) in the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan. All of these groups live near the former Soviet nuclear test site. Originally, it was expected that the scientists and physicians would have similar perceptions of radiation risk, while the public perceptions would be higher, but this was not always the case. For example, when perceptions of risk pertain to the health impacts of nuclear testing or the dose-response nature of radiation exposure, the physicians tend to agree with the laypeople, not the scientists. The villagers are always the most risk-averse group, followed by the physicians and then the scientists. These differences are likely due to different frames of reference for each of the populations.     

Economic Impact of Accelerated Cleanup on Regions Surrounding the U.S. DOE's Major Nuclear Weapons Sites

The regional economic impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy's accelerated environmental cleanup plan are estimated for the major nuclear weapons sites in Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington. The analysis shows that the impact falls heavily on the three relatively rural regions around the Savannah River (SC), Hanford (WA), and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (ID) sites. A less aggressive phase-down of environmental management funds and separate funds to invest in education and infrastructure in the regions helps buffer the impacts on jobs, personal income, and gross regional product. Policy options open to the federal and state and local governments are discussed.     

体会新理念 活用新教材

教材是承载知识的载体,其蕴涵的教育功能和课程理念,需要教师在深刻领会的基础上加以实践。新教材不仅给教师很大触动,也给了学生一种学习的渴望。它展现了新方向,体现了新理念,我们必须坚持"依据《课标》,源于教材,活用教材"的原则,边教边学,多探索,多发现,多总结。     

大学生信息素质教育与创新型应用人才培养——以材料大类专业为例

在科学技术迅速发展、信息资源激增、知识老化周期大为缩短的新时期,新建本科院校必须对学生实施全面的信息素质教育,增强学生的信息获取能力、信息研究能力和信息道德能力,努力培养创新型应用人才。针对目前材料大类专业学生信息素质教育存在的问题,在材料大类专业构建由材料信息资源检索教学阶段、专业课教学阶段、科技创新及实践阶段、毕业设计阶段组成的四阶段信息素质教育体系,有助于提高学生的信息素质和创新能力。     

我国核电行业社会责任会计指数研究

文章从核电行业的行业特殊性出发,根据经典社会责任理论和国外典型评价体系,在参照会计指数和中国百强企业社会责任指数的研究基础上,从经济效益责任、环保与核安全责任、人力资源责任、产品责任、社会贡献责任等对核电行业2009年社会责任实施情况进行分析,以促进和完善我国企业社会责任会计体系研究。     

试析我国核电发展中的公众参与现状及其提升对策

我国核电已经进入快速发展阶段,发展核电最终目的在于减缓能源危机,保证能源安全,实现经济持续发展。然而在核能发电给人类带来巨大利益的同时,核伦理问题成为公众关注的焦点。核电发展需要坚持决策参与、多方参与、信息公开和利益保障等伦理原则。由于我国核电发展相对较晚,公众参与途径尚未完善,因此,提升核电发展的公众认知度,保证核电规划的公共性和增强核电项目生命周期的公众参与程度是推动核电安全健康持续发展的必然要求。     

石质文物保护材料的研究进展

介绍了石质文物遭受病害的各种因素以及保护措施,简介了常用的无机材料和有机材料的优缺点及对其改性处理的必要性,并且对复合材料、纳米材料及仿生材料在石质文物保护中的应用现状及前景进行了阐述.     

云南开（远）蒙（自）垦殖重要史料

由于云南是和平解放的,因此云南省的历史档案保存极为完整。云南开蒙垦殖的史料主要保存在云南省档案馆。该文整理者在研究开蒙垦殖历史过程时对有关史料进行了认真研读,对开蒙垦殖局成立的经过、龙云主席亲笔起草的关于开蒙垦殖的政府布告、工程实施概要以及发展设想等史料进行了整理。     

厦门方言词汇一百多年来的变化——对三本教会厦门话语料的考察

比较19世纪传教士编写的厦门方言语料和现代厦门方言可以看出,一百多年来,厦门方言常用基本词变化不大;一般词汇则约有半数发生了变化:或成为历史词汇,或精简合并,或义项改变。厦门方言词汇的各种变化,体现了词汇系统的内部竞争及其规律,也是厦门的社会生活各方面演变的结果。