A LOTTO SYSTEMS PROBLEM

A Lotto Systems bet allows the player to nominate n numbers from which (s)he believes the winning six numbers will be drawn, and to bet on all combinations of six of these n numbers. Assume that the winning six numbers come from the nominated n. How many combinations must be entered to guarantee that one combination will include at least five of the winning six numbers? The problem is generalized in this paper, and the method of simulated annealing is used to find solutions for various situations. The case where two supplementary numbers are drawn after the initial six winning numbers is also considered.     

The Role of Cancer Risk in the Regulation of Industrial Pollution

The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions.     

论养老保险基金参与公司治理

通过对国有企业改制中公司治理方面出现的问题的分析 ,从养老保险基金参与对公司治理方面进行探讨 ,提出改进上市公司治理机制的现实政策选择 ,这有利于我国证券市场的发展和完善 ,有利于我国国有企业的改革     

关于广义Ramanujan-Nagell方程解数

设p是奇素数，D是适合p D是正奇数，证明了，当D≠Ap^r-1，其中r是正整数时，方程x^2 D=4p^n至多有1组正整数解（x,n）。     

资产要素新定义表述的探析

现代会计理论和实务中,有关会计要素的定义和确认最为重要,其中又属资产的定义和确认为首屈一指.国家财政部新颁布的<企业财务会计报告条例>和<企业会计制度>对各项会计要素进行了重新定义,这一定义及相关内容的出台,并非对传统会计制度的简单改良.它不仅从理论和实践上对会计本身产生重大影响,还极大地促进和带动了相关学科的发展和演进.     

基于遗传算法与模糊控制的建模方法

从实时系统的需求出发,研究利用遗传算法实现实时模糊控制的新技术,包括规则的形成、前提参数的训练,通过对比不同的训练参数规模,讨论了训练参数规模的大小与模型“范化”之间的关系。 经检验,用遗传算法生成的模糊系统模型输入变量少、规则数目少,并且误差小于多数传统算法生成的模型,整个模型的形成过程时间空间复杂度小、易于控制,且不受经验知识的约束,适用于实时系统。     

思维方式与语言系统

中、西方民族由于所处的自然环境、社会制度以及历史演进的不同 ,因而思维方式也就有所不同。英汉民族思维方式的不同对英汉语言结构产生了重大的影响。介绍了中、西方两种不同的文化思维模式 ,进而从六个方面就思维方式对语言系统的影响进行了阐述。     

创建中国特色的企业治理结构

如何建立有中国特色的企业治理结构模式 ,是中国国有企业所面临的共同而又重大的问题。文章依据中国国有企业的实际状况 ,提出并分析了有中国特色的企业治理结构模式     

试论企业的环境成本管理

近年来随着人们环保意识的增强,企业对环境成本的管理日趋重视。本文从环境成本的内涵入手,阐述了环境成本的管理指导思想,并提出了环境成本管理的方法。     

治理通货膨胀的宏观调控手段

本文试图在分析我国通货膨胀成因的基础上，进一步分析各项与此有关的宏观调控手段，建立反映通货膨胀与这些调控手段之间关系的计量经济模型，并利用该模型分析各项调控手段的变化及对通货膨胀的定量作用．