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991.
Magnus Ekström 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2013,40(4):886-898
Assume that we have a sequence of n independent and identically distributed random variables with a continuous distribution function F, which is specified up to a few unknown parameters. In this paper, tests based on sum‐functions of sample spacings are proposed, and large sample theory of the tests are presented under simple null hypotheses as well as under close alternatives. Tests, which are optimal within this class, are constructed, and it is noted that these tests have properties that closely parallel those of the likelihood ratio test in regular parametric models. Some examples are given, which show that the proposed tests work also in situations where the likelihood ratio test breaks down. Extensions to more general hypotheses are discussed. 相似文献
992.
Thomas W. O'Gorman 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(4):895-908
ABSTRACT In this article we evaluate the performance of a randomization test for a subset of regression coefficients in a linear model. This randomization test is based on random permutations of the independent variables. It is shown that the method maintains its level of significance, except for extreme situations, and has power that approximates the power of another randomization test, which is based on the permutation of residuals from the reduced model. We also show, via an example, that the method of permuting independent variables is more valuable than other randomization methods because it can be used in connection with the downweighting of outliers. 相似文献
993.
A number of parametric and non-parametric linear trend tests for time series are evaluated in terms of test size and power, using also resampling techniques to form the empirical distribution of the test statistics under the null hypothesis of no linear trend. For resampling, both bootstrap and surrogate data are considered. Monte Carlo simulations were done for several types of residuals (uncorrelated and correlated with normal and nonnormal distributions) and a range of small magnitudes of the trend coefficient. In particular for AR(1) and ARMA(1, 1) residual processes, we investigate the discrimination of strong autocorrelation from linear trend with respect to the sample size. The correct test size is obtained for larger data sizes as autocorrelation increases and only when a randomization test that accounts for autocorrelation is used. The overall results show that the type I and II errors of the trend tests are reduced with the use of resampled data. Following the guidelines suggested by the simulation results, we could find significant linear trend in the data of land air temperature and sea surface temperature. 相似文献
994.
995.
In this article, we propose a nonparametric method to test for symmetry in bivariate data. By using the extension of Fisher's exact treatment for 2 × 2 contingency tables proposed by Freeman and Halton (1951), we can test the hypothesis of equal distribution for two samples of integer valued variables. Then, by counting the number of observations belonging to each cell of a symmetric, appropriately built grid, we can produce the two samples of integers required to use this test for equal distribution. The resulting test for symmetry is potentially extendible to higher dimensions. A simulation study is performed to compare with some known tests (Bowker, 1948; Hollander, 1971; and its improvement given in Krampe and Kuhnt, 2007). Our proposal represents a competitive option as a test for symmetry. 相似文献
996.
Modified chi-squared and some newly developed tests for the Poisson, binomial, and an approximated Feller's distribution are discussed. A reanalysis of the classical Rutherford's experimental data on alpha decay is done. Previous analyses of the data were not correct from the point of view of the theory of statistical testing. Tests used show that the data contradict to both Poisson and binomial distribution and do not contradict to a precise “binomial” approximation of Feller's distribution that takes into account a counter's dead time. This gives a plausible statistically correct confirmation of the well-established exponential law of radioactive decay. 相似文献
997.
Consistency of some nonparametric tests with real variables has been studied by several authors under the assumption that population variance is finite and/or in the presence of some violations of the data exchangeability between samples. Since main inferential conclusions of permutation tests concern the actual dataset, where sample sizes are held fixed, we consider the notion of consistency in the weak version (in probability). Here, we characterize weak consistency of permutation tests assuming population mean is finite and without assuming existence of population variance. Moreover, since permutation test statistics do not require to be standardized, we do not assume that data are homoscedastic in the alternative. Several application examples to mostly used test statistics are discussed. A simulation study and some hints for robust testing procedures are also presented. 相似文献
998.
考试是学校教育的重要组成部分,作为对人才培养质量的检测和评判手段,在很大程度上制约着高校的教育教学和人才培养活动。随着我国高等教育改革的不断推进,对创新型人才培养的需求也要求高校考试的改革与创新。因此,有必要对高校考试现状进行研究,从而为考试改革提供科学依据。 相似文献
999.
实验教学是大学教学实训的基础课程,也是素质教育的重要环节。随着计算机的普及和网络信息时代的快速发展,实验教学所需要的仪器设备的数量、快速更新和维护费用也在不断地增加。美国国家仪器(NI)有限公司的产品LabVIEW提供了功能强大的工具和图形化编程的开发环境,用于虚拟仪器的设计和开发。将虚拟仪器技术用于实验教学中,降低了实验室建设费用,改善了实验教学条件和环境,使学生对实验课的兴趣更加浓厚,是培养学生的动手能力和创新能力、完成综合性及设计性实验教学的一个重要途径[1]。 相似文献
1000.
行政裁判权历来是行政诉讼法学研究的核心问题;也是一国行政审判实践中至关重要的问题。本文就较有代表性与特殊性的日本行政裁判权的范围、司法审查特别领域即:法令、国家考试、最高法院规则、条约展开论述,以期对我国相关理论与实践提供一些参考。 相似文献