国际法适用视角下的国际法渊源再认识

国际法渊源不仅是国际法的理论基石,也对国际法适用起基础作用。有关国际法渊源的学说丛生,对国际法适用都有所涉及．但鲜有完全体现渊源对国际法适用的基础价值,而且在实践中也未达预想的效果．内涵也处于混沌状态。为研究国际法渊源的内涵,促进国际法适用,从国际法适用角度反观各家学说来分析国际法渊源内涵需要的因素具有现实意义。国际法渊源的内涵可以继承“折衷说”形式渊源与实质渊源的思路,在形式渊源上．吸收“效力渊源”效力外衣的有效性和“方法识别论”识别规则的效率性;在实质渊源上,首先要看到目前渊源发展中实质因素融进的必要性,考量正义因素和规则背景因素融进渊源内涵的必要性。     

从“开个玩笑”的语篇功能看相关词语的词典释义

《现代汉语词典》对"玩笑"、"开玩笑"、"开个玩笑"、"开什么玩笑"的收录处理和释义做法尚需推敲。可根据语料,根据语篇中的实际使用情况,对"开个玩笑"、"开什么玩笑"的性质、含义和用法作充分描写和解释,由此对"玩笑"和"开玩笑"等词和短语作出新的释义修改和示例调整。此项研究表明,在语篇分析视角下,基于语料库,多角度考察词语的性质、义项和实际用法,有利于全面认识词语的意义,有利于解决具体词语的词典收录问题和释义问题。此项研究还有助于我们理解现代汉语"词"和"语"的构成以及词汇化的具体表现。     

Burnout y engagement. Relación con el desempeño,madurez profesional y tendencia al abandono de los estudiantes

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el burnout y su constructo hipotético opuesto “el engagement” en estudiantes universitarios. Además de determinar qué variables influyen en uno u otro, y profundizar en las relaciones entre estos dos constructos, estudiamos hasta qué punto pueden explicar, junto a algunas variables demográficas, el comportamiento de los estudiantes respectoa tres variablesps icosociales: desempeño, madurez profesional y tendencia al abandon.

La muestra esta compuesta por 1284 individuos (33,2% hombres y 66,7% mujeres) que cursan la Licenciatura en Administración y Dirección de Empresas en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad del País Vasco.

Entre los resultados hallados, cabe destacar: 1. -La relación negativa entre las escalas del burnout agotamiento emocional y cinismo y las del engagement vigor, dedicación y absorción; así como una relación positiva entre la competencia percibida (burnout) y las tres escalas del engagement.

2. -La existencia de diferencias significativasen las dimensiones de burnout y engagement en función del sexo.

3. -La edad es el único factor que se repite en la explicación de las tres variables psicosociales. Las escalas del burnout y engagement contribuyen, de forma diferente, a la explicación de cada una de dichas variables.

     

强关系的价值——基于安徽农地流转的实证研究

运用Heckman两步法,结合对安徽799位农民的田野调查资料,建立了线性模型和双对数模型,研究农地大规模流转中强关系的价值。研究表明:强关系有无价值受性别、身份、人均耕地数量、租金水平和地域因素影响;强关系的绝对价值受性别、年龄、政治面貌、身份、相对经济状况、收入来源和地域因素影响;强关系的相对价值受年龄、受教育年限、家庭经济状况、收入来源、租金水平与地域等因素影响。     

Planning studies with an optimal control multisectoral dynamic economic model: The case of Sri Lanka

This article investigates the impact of different development scenarios on optimal investment strategy and economy of Sri Lanka and studies the potential of applying control theory techniques to economic planning. The multisectoral dynamic planning model is formulated as a linear quadratic tracking problem. Targets to be tracked define the development strategies: economic growth, trade deficit reduction, food self-sufficiency, and balanced growth. Besides providing insights into these strategies, empirical results show that the difficulty in setting inequality constraints and ensuring nonnegative solutions could undermine the linear tracking optimal control technique for development planning.     

Perceptions of health and well-being in transition societies: some results of a qualitative study carried out in the Ukraine

This article reports on research carried out within the scope of the Inco-Copernicus Programme, from 1999 to 2002, on ‘Health and Well-Being in Transition Societies’. In particular, it presents the results of a qualitative study carried out in the Ukraine. On the basis of in-depth interviews and two biographical interviews, data are analysed on the following topics: employment situation, informal economy, perception of health and well-being, perception of social services, perception of social exclusion, crisis and low expectations, coping strategies, and perceptions of citizens’ rights. It concludes that transition has meant important change that has had a significant effect upon the Ukrainian population.     

The development of preventive methods in child welfare

Past approaches, current trends and future directions in primary preventive social work are reviewed with an emphasis on child abuse and neglect. An historical analysis reveals the bases for current methods of dealing with social problems. In describing current practices, several models for the delivery of human services are defined. This review concludes with an overview of recent research on primary prevention in social welfare.     

用Laplace变换求Kratzer势径向波函数的二类递推关系

求解了Kratzer势的Schr(o)dinger方程,得到了归一化的波函数和能量方程.用Laplace变换使径向的二阶微分方程退化为一阶微分方程,直接积分后用级数展开,应用Laplace逆变换得出本征函数.另外,用Laplace变换方法给出了径向波函数关于量子数N和角量子数L的二类递推关系.     

Doing research in Aotearoa: a Pākehā exemplar of applying Te Ara Tika ethical framework

Kaupapa Māori was once, and still is for some, ordinary in the context of Aotearoa. Active processes of colonisation and assimilation led by the settler government in New Zealand have served to significantly displace Māori to the marginalised position of exotic and other. Te Ara Tika powerfully reaffirms Māori experience as ordinary, and embeds Te Tiriti o Waitangi and core Western ethical principles into a framework uniquely of this land. Within this paper I share my application of this framework as an exemplar for others to benchmark against and critique. I conclude by advocating for the uptake of the Te Ara Tika framework by Tauiwi (non-Māori) researchers as a response to the challenge from Māori to do acceptable, accountable and responsible research.     

Colonial laboratories,irreparable subjects: the experiment of ‘(b)ordering’ San Juan's public housing residents

This article provides a genealogy of the discourses that shaped the public housing policies of the mid-twentieth century in the US island colony of Puerto Rico. In the 1950s and 1960s, a conversation arose between government officials, social science experts, and the local press about how to fix social inequalities by ‘ordering’ mostly black and mulato, economically dispossessed families residing in shantytowns and barrios. This led to the establishment of caseríos (housing projects) as places where the government would attempt to ‘modernize’ residents through architectural design, planning, and social betterment programs. Because the caseríos did not address the structural causes of inequalities of power and wealth in the island, they failed in lifting residents out of poverty. From the mid-1960s onwards, a host of writings blamed caserío dwellers for the failure of the projects, attributing it to their purportedly dysfunctional – and nearly incorrigible – ‘culture of poverty’. This perpetuated a particular characterization of Puerto Rican economically dispossessed people as incapable of political or social agency without the guidance of elite Puerto Ricans and the ‘benevolent’ American colonial metropolis. It also led to the subsequent ‘bordering’ of caseríos spaces with walls and checkpoints, which in turn reproduced the branding of public housing residents as irreparably dysfunctional and ‘criminal’.