彼黍离离:非洲风景与殖民主义——《战时诸梦:童年回忆录》解读

肯尼亚著名作家恩古吉,在他的新作《战时诸梦:童年回忆录》中,透过历史的眼光审视非洲风景,将其同欧洲殖民主义结合起来,揭示出风景的政治、经济属性,使其笔下之风景的非洲风情,跃然纸上;同时,这种"风景历史化"的写法,也是一种反写策略,有力反驳了那些将非洲看成是一个没有自我意识、没有历史的"暗黑之地"的观点。     

Media advocates,Latino citizens and niche cable The limits of ‘no limits’ TV

In Shot in America, Chon Noriega calls for the study of media activism’s work ‘within the system’ of state institutions and for analysis of the relationships between media activism, the television industry and government policies. This article uses a cultural policy studies focus to answer this call and map the deregulated terrain upon which media advocacy groups must now operate. Liberal governance demands that media advocates find means other than state-directed appeals to advance their agendas. As such, this essay examines the efforts of several Latino advocacy groups to garner viewer support for a Latino-themed cable television show, Resurrection Boulevard, and to use the series as a vehicle for increased Latino participation in the television industry. This article focuses on the issue of access for Latinos to professional positions that affect television programming, and it presents tools for advocacy efforts within political spheres to achieve more socially equitable access to media technologies. First, the paper traces the regulatory history of the broadcasting and cable television industries to show how the federal government narrowly conceives of ‘the public interest’ as a specifically consumerist one. The article then analyses the structures that led to cable television’s ‘narrowcasting’ format, such as Showtime’s ‘No Limits’ programming, and argues that liberalism has created a context wherein several media advocates normalise the ‘citizen-consumer’ model. Having established this groundwork, the author then conducts a case study of the economic and social forces that shape Resurrection Boulevard, which is written, produced and acted by Latinos. Through this study, the author maintains that advocacy groups’ consumer-based appeals to Latinos as ‘citizen-consumers’ fail to serve as effective instruments for achieving increased minority representation in the television industry.     

汉官太常寺的组织学分析

文章通过对汉朝中央政府行政部门太常寺的组织学分析,指出汉九寺行政体系各部门职能交叉,存在着组织目标不明确,机构冗散问题。太常寺设官渊源悠久,组织机构庞大,列于诸寺之首,但行政功能分散,不担当重要政务,后沦为清水衙门。     

“映”本义考——《汉语大词典》释义商榷

本文根据《通俗文》、《一切经音义》等古代辞书及其它语料，考证“映”本义为“斜照”，补正了《汉语大字典》与《汉语大词典》“映”本义为“照、照耀”的说法．并且否定了两大辞书关于“映”有“未时，午后一时到三时”义的说法。     

试论新闻出版的自由——基于马克思《评普鲁士最近的书报检查令》

马克思发表的第一篇政论文章《评普鲁士最近的书报检查令》以激情洋溢的文字和对自由的强烈渴望与大胆追求,让他初登政治舞台便光芒四射。《评普鲁士最近的书报检查令》严厉批评了普鲁士政府对出版自由的限制政策,谱写了普通民众争取新闻出版自由的新篇章。马克思认为,人类的各种自由从来就是存在的,自由是人类的本质需求,而普鲁士政府所谓新的书报检查制度在每一条看似放宽限制的词句背后,都隐藏着更深层的对新闻出版自由的限制。马克思警示人民应该看穿普鲁士政府的伎俩,追求新闻出版的自由。从一定意义上来说,新闻媒体言论的自由程度可以作为衡量一个国家先进、文明程度的因素之一。改革开放以来,我国新闻媒体逐渐变得开放与透明,但毋庸讳言,我国的新闻出版事业还有提升空间与改进领域。     

结构性文本主题词规则化提取:对经验结果的理性预测

基于统计的主题词提取会产生信息冗余或数据稀疏等情况 ;而基于句法规则的主题词提取技术 ,又因为大量不规范语句而无法析出正确的主题词。目前普遍采取的统计与规则互补办法 ,虽然发挥了两种体系的优势 ,但仍未能有效解决 :( 1 )主题词在文本中的分布 ;( 2 )低频或隐性主题词的提取 ;( 3)主题词信息的权重与排序等问题。根据我们的直觉与语料库检验 ,文本主题词的分布是不平均的。如果我们能通过对文本标注 ,从而提取出富含主题词的语句 ,那么 ,根据现有的自然语言处理技术 ,建构一套主题词规则化提取的数学模型和算法是可能的 ,这将为文本主题词统计结果提供可靠的预见和补充     

Pākehā and Tauiwi Treaty education: an unrecognised decolonisation movement?

ABSTRACT

The Māori call to honour Te Tiriti o Waitangi is arguably the oldest continuous social movement in Aotearoa New Zealand since the Treaty for European settlement was signed. A much more recent Pākehā and Tauiwi activism for the Treaty has supported the Māori movement, but is often overlooked as a social movement. Responsibility for ensuring that Tauiwi understand the Treaty remains contentious—is Treaty education a Tauiwi or a Māori responsibility? This article describes the emergence in the 1980s of a consensus among Māori and Tauiwi activists that, as Treaty partners, Pākehā/Tauiwi should take responsibility for their own learning about Te Tiriti and colonisation. Six reasons for overlooking such decolonising education as a social movement are explored through reflexive scholarship by Treaty educators: 1. hegemonic views of social change movements as only class- or race-based and adversarial; 2. Tiriti education as counter-hegemonic education that encourages transformation of the Māori–Pākehā relationship; 3. confusion over whether the aims of Treaty education are counter-hegemonic or assimilatory; 4. the movement’s evolving membership to include many cultural identities and activism about diverse neo-colonialisms; 5. its focus on mutually-agreed relationship-building; and 6. the complexity of assessing its impact and contribution to a decolonisation agenda.     

从文学史文本看中国当代文学学科建设的不足

洪子诚版《中国当代文学史》作为中国当代文学学科教学的典范教程,其在治史实践中体现的优势与缺憾具有反照学科优劣所在的功能。透过洪本当代文学史可探知中国当代文学学科存在涵盖面偏狭、经典缺失、学科内部存有分裂等不足之处。