A Study of Risk Relevance Reasoning Based on a Context Ontology of Railway Accidents

With the application of risk management and accident response in the railway domain, risk detection and prevention have become key research topics. Many dangers and associated risk sources must be considered in collaborative scenarios of heavy-haul railways. In these scenarios, (1) various risk sources are involved in different data sources, and context affects their occurrence, (2) the relationships between contexts and risk sources in the accident cause mechanism need to be explicitly defined, and (3) risk knowledge reasoning needs to integrate knowledge from multiple data sources to achieve comprehensive results. To express the association rules among core concepts, this article constructs two ontologies: The accident-risk ontology and the context ontology. Concept analysis is based on railway domain knowledge and accident analysis reports. To sustainably integrate knowledge, an integrated evolutionary model called scenario-risk-accident chain ontology (SRAC) is constructed by introducing new data sources. The SRAC is integrated through expert rules between the two ontologies, and its evolution process involves new knowledge through a new risk source database. After three versions of the upgrade process, potential risk sources can be mined and evaluated in specific contexts. To evaluate the risk source level, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model is used to capture context and risk text features. A model comparison for different neural network structures is performed to find the optimal evaluation results. Finally, new concepts, such as risk source level, and new instances are updated in the context-aware risk knowledge reasoning framework.     

Microbiological and Modeling Approach to Derive Performance Objectives for Bacillus cereus Group in Ready‐to‐Eat Salads

In this article, the performance objectives (POs) for Bacillus cereus group (BC) in celery, cheese, and spelt added as ingredients in a ready‐to‐eat mixed spelt salad, packaged under modified atmosphere, were calculated using a Bayesian approach. In order to derive the POs, BC detection and enumeration were performed in nine lots of naturally contaminated ingredients and final product. Moreover, the impact of specific production steps on the BC contamination was quantified. Finally, a sampling plan to verify the ingredient lots' compliance with each PO value at a 95% confidence level (CL) was defined. To calculate the POs, detection results as well as results above the limit of detection but below the limit of quantification (i.e., censored data) were analyzed. The most probable distribution of the censored data was determined and two‐dimensional (2D) Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The PO values were calculated to meet a food safety objective of 4 log₁₀ cfu of BC for g of spelt salad at the time of consumption. When BC grows during storage between 0.90 and 1.90 log₁₀ cfu/g, the POs for BC in celery, cheese, and spelt ranged between 1.21 log₁₀ cfu/g for celery and 2.45 log₁₀ cfu/g for spelt. This article represents the first attempt to manage the concept of PO and 2D Monte Carlo simulation in the flow chart of a complex food matrix, including raw and cooked ingredients.     

网络技术对人类沟通方式的影响

网络技术的兴起对人类沟通方式产生了深刻影响,它所引发的信息媒体革命改变着我们的生活世界.作为一种新的传播媒介,网络技术的特质使沟通空间、沟通背景、沟通距离、沟通对象等发生了变化,同时也引发了若干社会问题,必须引起有关方面的充分注意.     

专业认证背景下学前教育本科人才培养目标的设计与评价

普通高等学校师范类专业认证是推动师范类专业内涵式发展、提高人才培养质量的重要举措。培养目标是专业认证的总纲，体现人才培养"产出"的质量预期与追求。在学前教育专业认证的自评自建工作中，准确把握培养目标的内涵，合理设计、有效评价培养目标至关重要。从目标内涵来看，培养目标的构成要素包括目标定位和目标预期；从设计依据来看，需要从方针政策、专业标准、内部基础、外部需求等角度把握党和国家对人才培养的基本要求和学前教育专业人才培养质量标准，把握学校办学定位、专业办学积淀、生源特点、人才培养现状、国内外学前教育发展趋势以及利益相关群体的现实需求；从设计流程来看，包括政策解读、文献梳理、产出现状与需求调研、目标初步形成、目标合理性评价与修订等过程；从目标评价来看，包括建立规范的评价制度、形成多元评价主体、运用多种评价方式、研发科学的评价工具、促进评价结果有效转化等方面。     

意象理论在汉英量词研究中的认知解读

汉英量词数量众多、用法灵活,体现出量词与名词搭配时所形成的纵聚合关系和横组合关系。文章通过汉英对比的研究方法,应用Langacker意象理论中的视角、认知域和突显等理论对汉英量词的纵聚合关系和横组合关系进行认知解读,发现其共性在于汉英民族使用量词时经常存在对相关事物对象进行突显,选择不同的认知域和进行视角转换所致。     

从认知的角度探讨名词的翻译

从认知语言学的基本概念入手，通过对物质名词和概念名词的探讨，利用例证阐述了在名词翻译过程中如何运用认知语言学的知识来帮助译者更好地理解其意义。     

论全心全意为人民服务人生观的客观依据

人生观是人们所处的一定历史条件和生产关系的产物.全心全意为人民服务人生观的客观依据,一是无产阶级的阶级本质和社会主义经济基础的客观要求,二是人民群众对于社会历史的发展的决定性作用,三是中国共产党的根本宗旨,四是社会主义社会全体公民的道德规范.     

论人本观的三种历史形态

客体人本观、主体人本观、实践人本观是人类思想史上三种不同的关于人的生成、属性、地位、发展的思想体系，它们分别是从不同的视角出发，遵循不同的思维逻辑而形成确立的。     

Symbolic cumulant calculations for frequency domain time series

With time series data, there is often the issue of finding accurate approximations for the variance of such quantities as the sample autocovariance function or spectral estimate. Smith and Field (J. Time. Ser. Anal 14: 381–395, 1993) proposed a variance estimate motivated by resampling in the frequency domain. In this paper we present some results on the cumulants of this and other frequency domain estimates obtained via symbolic computation. The statistics of interest are linear combinations of products of discrete Fourier transforms. We describe an operator which calculates the joint cumulants of such statistics, and use the operator to deepen our understanding of the behaviour of the resampling based variance estimate. The operator acts as a filter for a general purpose operator described in Andrews and Stafford (J.R. Statist. Soc. B55, 613–627).     

民主集中制的防腐促廉功能

民主集中制目标系统具有防腐廉政的本质 ,按照目标系统的要求 ,民主集中制规则系统和组织系统又具有防腐促廉的特性和功能 ,民主集中制防腐廉政本质和功能的确立与实现是一个历史发展过程。