菲律宾条约界限的性质刍议——以条约界限的形成、演变与确立为中心

菲律宾条约界限是现代菲律宾国家领土形成的重要法理与历史依据,划定了菲律宾领土的基本范围。其前身是1898年美西《巴黎和约》提出的"巴黎和约线",后经三次局部变动,最终演变成菲律宾条约界限并固化,而不能再外扩至其他岛礁。条约界限正式构建了美属菲律宾的疆界,这一领土范围为独立后的菲律宾所继承。菲律宾宣称对南沙群岛的部分岛礁和黄岩岛享有主权,根本是站不住脚的。     

边缘地带强国与体系性大战

不同于以往现实主义理论主要从权力消长的角度来考察和研究体系性大战,本文尝试从地缘政治角度来阐释体系性大战。自欧洲"七年战争"以来,在多极体系中,体系性大战必然发生在海权强国+陆权强国与边缘地带强国之间,体系中的其他次级强国则分别加入到这两个阵营中,影响着大战的进程与结果;但是边缘地带强国并不必然会与海权强国+陆权强国发生体系性大战。本文将其作为两个世界政治现象提出来,并从不同角度对这两个现象出现的原因进行解释,总结边缘地带强国的兴衰历程,以期为当代中国这个新兴的边缘地带强国提供可资借鉴的启示。     

Notes on two sample tests for partially correlated (paired) data

We provide several methods to compare two Gaussian distributed means in the two sample location problems under the assumption of partially dependent observations. Simulation studies indicate that our test procedure is frequently more powerful than other methods depending on the ratio of the unpaired data and the strength and direction of the correlation between the two variables. The tests used in our comparative study are illustrated with an example based on data from a small gynecological study.     

On the Properties of the Likelihood Function of Spanos' Conditional t Heteroskedastic Model

This article investigates the properties of the likelihood function of Spanos’ conditional t heteroskedastic model (Spanos, 1994 Spanos , A. ( 1994 ). On modeling heteroskedasticity: The student's t and elliptical linear regression models . Econometric Theor. 10 : 286 – 315 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) On modeling heteroskedasticity: the student's t and elliptical linear regression models. It is shown that estimability of the degrees of freedom of t distribution and the block-diagonality of the information matrix of the joint likelihood function with respect to conditional mean parameters and remaining parameters hold for the model. The joint maximum likelihood estimator and its inference based on the t-statistic and χ²-statistic are examined in finite samples by simulation when the degrees of freedom is known and unknown.     

Large Deviation Principles for Sequences of Maxima and Minima

In this article, we consider sequences of i.i.d. random variables and, under suitable conditions on the (common) distribution function, we prove large deviation principles for sequences of maxima, minima and pairs formed by maxima and minima. The i.i.d. random variables can be either unbounded or bounded; in the first case maxima and minima have to be suitably normalized.     

Method of Moments Estimation in Linear Regression with Errors in both Variables

Recently, in this journal, there has been revised attention on estimating the parameters of the errors in variables, linear structural model. For example, O’Driscoll and Ramirez (2011) used a geometric approach to give insight into the performance of various slope estimators for the linear structural model as introduced by the present author. This article aims to provide a unified method of moments approach for estimating the parameters in the linear structural model, concentrating attention on estimators using the higher moments, which to date has received only little attention in the literature.     

我国正规就业者的教育收益率

针对教育收益率测算中可能存在的弱工具变量问题,本文利用2006年中国健康与营养调查数据,结合工具变量估计框架下的各种模型设定检验,对我国正规就业者的教育收益率进行测算。检验和测算结果表明：受教育程度的变量存在内生性,个体配偶的受教育年限是内生变量受教育程度的强工具变量,而个体的出生季度是弱工具变量。广义矩估计结果显示我国正规就业者的教育收益率为10.1%。     

贫困村互助资金与农民收入增长——基于5省50个贫困村调查的实证分析

贫困村互助资金填补了农村金融服务空白,缓解了贫困农户借款难题。通过5省50个贫困村2 656个农户样本,用DID方法分析互助资金对农户收入增加的影响。研究发现:互助资金有利于农户收入增长;互助资金对低收入农户、中等收入农户和高收入农户收入增长的影响存在差异,中等收入农户和高收入农户收入增长的幅度更大;贫困村基础设施和村委会一年开会次数有利于互助资金促进试点贫困村农户收入的增长。     

空间溢出视角下对外贸易和中国碳排放——基于半参数面板空间滞后模型

针对现有文献研究碳排放时忽略经济空间溢出效用以及对外贸易—碳排放非线性关系的缺憾,估算了2001-2011年中国29个省区碳排放量,然后构建半参数空间滞后模型,并结合工具变量法以解决对外贸易的内生性问题,实证研究了对外贸易对中国区域碳排放的影响。研究发现:(1)十年来中国贸易开放对碳排放的影响从促进逐渐开始转变为抑制。东部地区对外贸易发展较快,目前正处于逐渐抑制碳排放阶段;中部地区对外贸易水平较低,对外贸易的发展仍促进了碳排放的增加;西部地区对外贸易与碳排放的关系不明确。(2)半参数面板空间滞后模型比参数模型具有更高的拟合优度和更丰富的结论,它能够有效刻画碳经济现象中空间相关性与非线性特征。     

Analysis of covariance under inverse Gaussian model

This paper considers the problem of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) under the assumption of inverse Gaussian distribution for response variable. We develop the essential methodology for estimating the model parameters via maximum likelihood method. The general form of the maximum likelihood estimator is obtained in color closed form. Adjusted treatment effects and adjusted covariate effects are given, too. We also provide the asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators. A simulation study and a real world application are also performed to illustrate and evaluate the proposed methodology.