Varieties of marketisation in the UK: examining divergence in activation markets between Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2008–2014

This article examines the sub-national diversity in activation quasi-markets in the United Kingdom (UK). Through comparison of four active labour market programmes in Great Britain and Northern Ireland between 2008 and 2014, the article clarifies and maps intra-UK diversity in employment service governance and unpacks the shifting configurations of market structures in each jurisdiction to reveal a temporally and spatially distinct patterning of marketisation. Drawing on Gingrich's approach to analysis and classification of quasi-market variation, the article proposes that between 2008 and 2014, Great Britain rapidly evolved a provider-directed activation market. In contrast, the activation market structure in Northern Ireland, up to late 2014, is better characterised as state directed. A recent reconfiguration of the activation market in Northern Ireland does however indicate some (modified) convergence on Great Britain's approach. One common and consistent feature of the configuration of activation markets in each jurisdiction is the few powers given to direct users of employment services to shape contracted out provision.     

基于就业市场需求的大学生就业竞争力评价体系构建

在我国就业形势紧张、就业压力较大的现实背景下,大学生就业竞争力的研究越来越受到学术界和社会的关注,对大学生就业竞争力的研究在深度和广度上逐年增加。通过对大学生就业竞争力评价的研究回顾,从理论研究和定性研究两个方面对大学生就业竞争力的演进脉络进行了梳理,并依据德尔菲法整理出大学生就业竞争力评价体系,得出高校要进一步提升大学生就业竞争力,就要从就业市场需求角度出发,重点考虑学生知识水平和专业能力、团队合作、科研创新能力等10个维度47个指标要素的结论,这为高校更好地开展就业指导服务工作提供了重要的参照。     

Transitions to adulthood in contexts of economic crisis and post-recession. The case of Argentina

The possibilities that are available to youth in contemporary Western societies are highly sophisticated and related mostly to the transition between secondary school and higher education, the first job placement, independent housing, lifestyle construction and the consumption of goods produced by cultural industries in a globalist world. Secondary education represents a main factor in terms of socialisation, training, access to employment, citizenship and youth identity construction, making it a key for public policies aimed at youth in Latin America. The article presents the initial results of a research project on transition processes from secondary school to employment in Argentina. The findings are based on statistical information and the empirical analysis of data gathered in two very different economic and social contexts: the first was one of the worst social and economic crisis in the country's history (1999–2003), and the second was a long period of economic growth and increased social welfare (2004–2012). The data are presented in response to the following question: How do different economic contexts influence the transitions of youth in different social class contexts? By answering this question, the significant role of public policies in generating better living conditions for youth becomes clear.     

Study on the Labor Resources Distribution and Optimizing Configuration

This thesis analyzes the change of labor resources distribution in the whole country and the effect of financial crisis on the labor force by use of employment population size,investment scale and the relevant data of GDP scale from different provinces in China.The optimal investment model of labor force is built according to the Marginal Product Elasticity Theory to estimate the quantity of surplus labor force in provinces and cities in China.It also analyzes the effect of investment on the labor force migration according to Capital-Labor Force Flow Model of Thomas B.The study shows that there is no shortage of labor resources in our country;the labor resources distribution in eastern regions is close to the optimization;the largescale surplus labor force still exist in central and western regions;western regions will become the regions with the largest number of surplus labor resources instead of central regions.     

The Analysis of the Employment Status of China' s labor Force and Its Variations

With the aging of population,the academic researches tend to focus on the size,structure,quality of the labor forces.This article,based on the data of 2012 CLDS,describes demographically the employment status of China’s labor force by fourtypes:employee,employer,selfemployed and farming and analyzesthe variations in the indicators of the 4 types employment status,such a shuman capital,working hours,worksites,in come,social security,job evaluation and work values and identity of social class,etc.Understanding these variations is a great significance to the proper labor policy-making.     

普通高校毕业生的就业出路

随着我国普通高校毕业生人数的持续增长,大学毕业生出现了就业难的问题。大学毕业生的就业问题关系到国家经济建设、社会稳定、人民群众的切身利益和高等教育的健康发展。分析普通高校毕业生就业难的主要原因,寻找解决大学毕业生就业难的途径,有利于真正开发好、利用好大学毕业生这一宝贵的人才资源。     

(Not) Taking Account of Precarious Employment: Workfare Policies and Lone Mothers in Ontario and the UK

Workfare is, at least in part, a policy response to changing labour markets and the expansion taking place in jobs that are low‐paid, irregular and insecure. For lone mothers, increasingly the focus of workfare policies, precarious employment creates special challenges. However, the nature of the jobs that are available to women on social assistance has received relatively little attention in the workfare literature, which focuses more on individual characteristics, supports to employment, and programme impacts. Drawing upon both primary and secondary sources and using Ontario, the province with the most developed workfare programme in Canada, this article examines the ways in which policies support and enforce precarious employment. The article also considers the implications of precarious employment for UK policy, which has not (yet) adopted workfare for lone mothers, although incremental steps in that direction are taking place as employment is increasingly viewed as the appropriate objective of income support programmes for lone mothers.     

试析大学毕业生就业最低工资制

大学毕业生工资待遇关涉个人、家庭和社会各方面的利益,建立大学毕业生最低工资制是维护大学生合法权益、实现教育公平的重要手段,是家庭幸福、社会和谐的重要保证。这一制度的建立具有充分的理论依据,既有劳动力价值理论、成本—收益效应理论等经济学依据,又有特殊问题特殊处理的哲学依据,还有社会控制、需求—满足等社会学、心理学依据。     

新疆妇女就业水平分析与建议

本文对改革开放以来新疆妇女就业状况进行了阐述,并分析了当前影响新疆妇女就业的主要因素,进而提出了相关建议。     

基于新媒体背景下的高校就业工作研究--以微信为例

随着高校毕业生人数逐年增加,毕业生就业工作压力日益增大,当前就业工作也面临诸多问题。本文分析了新媒体(以微信为例)在高校就业工作中的独特优势,提出基于新媒体（微信）平台促进高校毕业生就业工作的新思路、新途径、新举措。