The Three Phases of Bourdieu’s U.S. Reception: Comment on Lamont

This essay responds to Lamont’s (2011) article “How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States,” which appears in this issue.     

Development and validation of the Protective Gambling Beliefs Scale (PGBS)

This article aimed to develop and validate a measure of protective beliefs – distinct from the absence of erroneous beliefs – that may be associated with resistance to gambling problems. Study 1 was designed to determine the reliability and content validity of a preliminary set of protective belief items. Participants (N = 1479, 813 males) also completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Most items were associated with reduced risk of problems; however, items relating to an awareness of gambling harm, and preparedness to lose money were positively correlated with gambling problems and were therefore not demonstrably protective. Study 2 sought to reduce scale size and assess the scale’s ability to predict risk of gambling problems. Participants (N = 1168, 625 males) completed belief items, the PGSI, and measures of gambling consumption and cognitive distortions. Results showed that endorsement of protective beliefs was negatively correlated with PGSI, gambling consumption and cognitive distortions, and predicted PGSI above that of cognitive distortions. Findings suggest that the Protective Gambling Beliefs Scale (PGBS) offers a unique tool for understanding resistance to the development of gambling problems. Future research should focus on exploring whether protective beliefs can diminish the likelihood of the onset of problem gambling.     

Do people have accurate beliefs about the behavioral consequences of incidental emotions? Evidence from trust games

The present study examined people’s expectations of how incidental emotions could shape others’ reciprocity in trusting situations, whether these expectations affect people’s own behavior, and how accurate these expectations are. Study 1 explored people’s beliefs about the effects of different incidental emotions on another person’s trustworthiness in general. In Studies 2 and 3, senders in trust games faced angry, guilty, grateful, or emotionally neutral responders. Participants who were told about their counterpart’s emotional state acted consistently with their beliefs about how these emotions would affect the other’s trustworthiness. These beliefs were not always correct, however. There were significant deviations between the expected behavior of angry responders and such responders’ actual behavior. These findings raise the possibility that one player’s knowledge of the other’s emotional state may lead to action choices that yield poor outcomes for both players.     

民族地区乡村旅游开发村寨居民交际和社会认知能力研究

在少数民族村寨旅游开发中,社区居民是乡村旅游开发的参与主体,由于经济、文化等诸多条件的限制,社区居民参与乡村旅游开发的程度不同,不仅造成居民在经济上产生分化,而且导致居民交际能力和社会认知能力分化加剧。本文通过对广西已开发乡村旅游的少数民族村寨居民的交际能力和社会认知进行比较分析,结果显示:创办了乡村旅游经济实体的业主是当地的优势群体,与一般居民有明显的特征分化,居民交际能力和社会认知能力的差异主要由居民是否创办乡村旅游经营实体和受教育程度等原因造成的。     

隐喻的认知与思维方式及隐喻理解

从隐喻研究的发展、传统的修辞观到现代的隐喻认知观探讨隐喻的认知本质和思维方式以及对隐喻的理解。认为隐喻既是一种语言现象,也是一种思维方式,隐喻可以体现不同思维方式和文化差异,所以隐喻理解需要额外的认知能力。     

语篇连贯中的认知框架构建

认知语言学认为,语篇连贯并不一定要依靠表层/显性衔接手段,而主要是靠心智上的连贯性取得,即必须从认知角度来分析。在Fillmore的框架理论的基础之上,探讨构建认知框架这一深层/隐性衔接手段如何作用于语篇连贯性的生成与建立。     

从排比示例管窥修辞学与认知科学的关联性

在承认认知科学和修辞学存在不同的学科假定和研究目标的基础之上,文章认为现代认知科学的一些最新研究成果同古典修辞学对辞格的关注有较强的关联性,通过排比示例来证实认知科学对修辞学中的某些认定,提出认知科学将极大地丰富修辞学,而后者也会为前者提供更为丰富的实验语料。     

比喻造词与中国人的思维特点

世界上许多语言中都存在着比喻造词现象。比喻造词虽然不是汉语所特有的,但在汉语中却表现得特别突出。之所以如此,这与中国人喜欢形象具体的民族思维特点有着密切关系。本文将以语言学的研究方法,通过汉语相关词汇的抽样统计分析的形式,以系统的研究与实证分析的数据对此予以论证。同时也在此基础之上,进一步阐发中国人这种思维特点的文化渊源及其合理性所在。     

从进化理性到心智模型——试论制度生发的经验分析路径

本文着重关注制度生发中的经验分析方法,试图探寻制度分析未来可能的发展路径。首先探讨制度生发经验分析的哲学根源,而后分析诺思和哈耶克制度分析的思想路径,以期发现制度经验分析的理论脉络和发展进路。由于制度问题牵涉因素众多复杂,在对有关公理假设扬弃的基础上,制度生发应采取经验分析的方法。     

轭式搭配的认知理据

从认知角度论述了英语轭式搭配的特点、作用及作用原理,指出它其实暗含隐喻,反映出人类认识客观世界的基本规律,在语言上表现出简洁和新颖的特点,主张尽量在翻译中保留轭式搭配的形式特征,并建议用汉语的“拈连”来进行直译。