Persistent Risk-Related Worry as a Function of Recalled Exposure to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Prior Trauma

Large oil spills are disasters associated with psychological effects for exposed communities. The amount of worry that individuals experience after a disaster may be influenced by many factors, such as the type and extent of exposure to disaster impacts, prior trauma, and sociodemographic characteristics. This study examined the nature and predictors of worry about ongoing impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DH) oil spill reported by Gulf of Mexico coastal residents. A random sample of 2,520 adult residents of Gulf of Mexico coastal counties were administered a telephone survey in 2016, including items about persistent worry and exposure to DH impacts, prior trauma, residence at the time of the spill, and sociodemographic characteristics. Respondents varied in the amount of worry they reported about ongoing health, social, and economic impacts. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, higher exposure to the DH oil spill was related to higher levels of worry about ongoing impacts, with past traumatic events related specifically to worry about health impacts. Unexpectedly, those who moved into the region after the spill showed similar levels of worry to residents exposed to the spill, and higher levels than residents who did not recall being exposed to the DH oil spill. This study highlights the impact of the DH oil spill on coastal residents many years after the DH disaster. The findings underscore the need to examine multiple pathways by which individuals experience disasters and for risk researchers to close knowledge gaps about long-term impacts of oil spills within a multi-dimensional framework.     

Analyzing time–frequency relationship between oil price and exchange rate in Pakistan through wavelets

This study analyzed the time–frequency relationship between oil price and exchange rate for Pakistan by using measures of continuous wavelet such as wavelet power, cross-wavelet power, and cross-wavelet coherency (WTC). The results of cross-wavelet analysis indicated that covariance between oil price and exchange rate is unable to give clear-cut results, but both variables have been in phase and out phase (i.e. they are anti-cyclical and cyclical in nature) in some or other durations. However, results of squared wavelet coherence disclose that both variables are out of phase and real exchange rate was leading during the entire period studied, corresponding to the 10–15 months’ scale. These results are the unique contribution of the present study, which would have not been drawn if one would have utilized any other time series or frequency domain-based approach. This finding provides evidence of anti-cyclical relationship between oil price and real effective exchange rate; however, in most of the period studied, real exchange rate was leading and passing anti-cycle effects on oil price shocks which is the major contribution of the study.     

Social policy and embedded evaluation: Assessing the impact of a food insecurity project in the United Kingdom

Social policy making needs to involve robust evaluation to assess its impact. In this article, a social policy intervention focused on tackling food insecurity amongst vulnerable people is examined and the benefits and challenges of using an embedded approach to evaluation are considered. Food insecurity is defined as not always having the economic, social, and physical resources to ensure a sufficient supply of nutritionally appropriate food. Evidence suggests that food insecurity in the United Kingdom is increasing in the context of long-term poverty, austerity, insecure employment, rising living costs, low pay, and cuts to welfare and public services. An embedded evaluation was conducted involving interviews with the intervention participants and observations of a series of cooking and food budgeting classes. The findings suggest that the classes had a positive impact on many of the participants, who felt more confident about cooking and valued the shared experience. However, given the acute problems facing many of the participants including long-term poverty, policies aimed at tackling food insecurity need to go beyond cooking and food budgeting skills. The embedded evaluation approach contributed towards the overall impact of the intervention by providing insights that led to changes as part of an iterative process during the intervention rather than in the form of a final report after its completion. An embedded evaluation-based approach can be resource intensive, and the role of the evaluators can present challenges, but it can help to bridge the gap between intervention design, delivery, and social change.     

变载荷对45钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

针对实际工况中,45钢是在有润滑的状态下工作,且所受的载荷是变化的情况,课题组在自行改装的MMS-2A型多功能摩擦磨损试验机上采用环一块接触摩擦方式进行了实验,研究了在油润滑状态下变载荷对45钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响,与干摩擦条件下的磨损性能进行对比;并对45钢磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明：干摩擦和油润滑状态下的45钢摩擦副的摩擦因数呈现不同的变化趋势;油润滑条件下的磨损量比干摩擦条件下的磨损量要小很多;在油润滑条件下,45钢的磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳剥落。研究验证了油润滑的存在有助于改善材料的耐磨性。     

国际油价波动对国内消费物价水平传导非对称研究

中国原油定价机制逐步市场化,国内与国际油价的关联性大大提高。以研究国际油价波动对中国消费物价水平的传导为研究目的,以2007年1月-2015年12月为样本区间,从国际油价对CPI的传导机理入手,依据传导性质划分为直接传导和间接传导两条传导路径,并以此作为研究框架。以协整和非对称误差修正模型（APT-ECM）为主要研究方法,结合Wald检验和脉冲响应函数分析方法,深入剖析实际传导过程及其特征。实证结果表明,国际油价对国内消费物价水平的传导包括垂直传导和空间传导。受多种因素影响,实际传导效应在油价波动方向、波动幅度和传导速率方面表现出不同程度的非对称性特征。     

南沙群岛海域油气资源共同开发的现实分析

由于历史和国际法的模糊造成了南沙群岛复杂难解的国际争端,尽管各方在主权议题上互不相让,但各国仍有广泛合作的前景。就目前情况来看,尽管面临困境和各种限制因素,但各国暂时搁置主权争议、再通过多方面的合作对油气资源进行共同开发仍是较为可行的方法,既能缓和紧张局势、建立互信,也符合各国自身利益。     

回购合同模式下的风险与对策

回购合同是伊朗政府现阶段授予国外石油公司的一种有限获利的风险服务合同。其产生和使用既有法律的原因更有深刻的经济原因。回购合同模式下存在着政治、经济、投资上限、资本回收、开发周期、当地份额、工作许可证配额限制和社会保险等诸多风险。国外石油承包商应从发展战略出发,重视项目的前期调研和可行性研究,深入分析关键性条款,采用灵活多样的投标方式和采购策略,选择合理可行的退出机制,谨慎规避风险。     

The consequences of job insecurity for employees: The moderator role of job dependence

With globalization and increased international competition have come more flexible forms of employment and increased job insecurity. The authors address the impact of perceived job insecurity on employees' work attitudes and intentions. After reviewing relevant research on stress theory and the relationship between job insecurity and its consequences, they test two hypotheses on 942 employees in Spain, namely: first, that job insecurity relates negatively to job satisfaction and organizational commitment and positively to intention to leave; and, second, that job insecurity, economic need and employability interact in the prediction of these outcomes.     

中国山水画与西方风景油画比较研究

中国山水画与西方风景油画在画坛都占有重要地位,这两种表现相同的对象却采用不同的表现手法的艺术形式,在各自漫长的发展过程中,都形成了独特的风格和审美情趣以及完整的理论体系.从地域环境和人文环境出发分析和比较中国山水画与西方风景油画发展历程,从而透视中西方艺术之间的差异以及各自所取得的巨大成就,进一步促进中西文化的交流与融合.     

某型飞机发动机油封装置的研制

飞机发动机油封是发动机在贮藏和运输时防止其零件发生锈蚀的主要装置.本文介绍某型飞机发动机油封装置的研制,使用结果表明:该油封装置操作简便,全封闭无污染,各项指标均达到航空发动机地面维护规程规范,保证了发动机在封存期间的完好性,具有明显的社会经济效益.