Ideas, private institutions and American welfare state 'exceptionalism': the case of health and old-age insurance, 1915–1965

Traditional theories of welfare state development divide into two camps: societal accounts and institutional accounts. The aim of the present article is to amend and enrich the institutional approach to US social policy by reconsidering key aspects of the genesis of the American welfare state: 1) showing that concepts such as 'policy feedback' and 'path dependence' need to be extended to encompass the effect of private social policies; and 2) taking policy paradigms and agenda setting more seriously than is the norm in institutional scholarship. The empirical analysis is divided into two parts. The first part explores the activities of the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL) in the decade beginning in 1910 and the genesis of Social Security in the 1930s, while the second part examines the effect of the private benefit developments on policy choices between 1935 and 1965.     

论社会医疗保险中的道德风险及其制度消解

道德风险源于人的机会主义倾向,在社会医疗保险领域中积弊已久,主要表现为需求方的过度消费和供给方的诱导需求,其原因在于第三方支付效应、价格补偿效应和医疗伦理的异化。只有医、患、保三方进行制度创新才能对其有效消解。     

论人身保险的不可抗辩条款

介绍了人身保险的不可抗辩条款,以及此条款在世界其他国家的应用情况,阐述了中国在这方面存在的问题,针对当前的形势,提出了中国引用不可抗辩条款的必要性,分析了此条款对保险人、被保险人及保险市场的影响,并预示了中国在这方面的发展前景。对推进中国加速引用不可抗辩条款有积极意义,对研究保险的学者也会有一定的参考价值。     

我国商业健康险供需状况问题分析及对策

商业健康保险是我国医疗保障体系的重要组成部分,但在我国还处于发展的初级阶段,供需存在矛盾。一方面我国健康险市场空间很大,另一方面保险业并不能提供合适的产品。本文通过对我国健康险需求状况分析,提出解决供需问题的对策。     

Family Structure and Quality of Life of Elders in Rural China: The Role of the New Rural Social Pension

Using data from a survey in Ankang district of Shaanxi province of China in 2011, this article examines the protective effect of the New Rural Social Pension (NRSP) on quality of life of rural elders, as well the moderating effect on association between family structure and quality of life. An instrumental variable approach is used. NRSP is shown to significantly improve the quality of life of rural elders, and a robustness check shows that this effect is consistent across different sets of subgroups. Compared with the elders who have at least one son, the quality of life of those who are childless or have only one child is significantly lower. The NRSP is more likely to significantly improve the quality of life of one-child elders. In addition, the associations between the NRSP and the different facets of quality of life of the elders are significant except for the facet of sensory abilities.     

我国实现全民健康覆盖目标的策略建议

文章介绍了全民健康覆盖的由来和目标,从服务覆盖?人口覆盖和费用覆盖三个方面对其内涵进行了阐述?从国外探索实现全民健康覆盖的实践,谈到我国推进全民健康覆盖的进展和存在的几个突出问题,包括卫生资源总量不足?配置不均衡;不同医保制度间医疗费用和服务利用不公平;基层医疗卫生机构服务能力有限,患者就医流向趋高?针对我国存在的问题,借鉴国际经验,建议加大卫生投入,重点加大对农村?中西部地区的财政转移支付力度;加强基层医疗卫生机构服务能力建设;建立基层首诊?分级诊疗?双向转诊的就医制度;提高基本医疗保险保障水平,整合医保体系?     

2011—2013年某省医患纠纷状况分析及对策研究

目的:了解医患纠纷基本情况,分析其成因与影响,探讨化解医患纠纷的对策,为构建和谐医患关系提供决策参考?方法:收集2011—2013年某省三级医院及部分县级综合医院医患纠纷相关信息并统计分析?结果:医患纠纷数量与赔偿金额逐年攀升,纠纷发生率逐年下降;政府卫生投入不足,资源配置不合理;非医疗技术过失成为医患纠纷的主要原因;医闹频发,伤医?伤财情况不容小觑;以医患双方协商处理为主,外界干扰因素加大公正处理的难度?结论:加快探索分级医疗体系;坚持患者需求至上;实施医疗责任保险制度;出台专业法规防范恶性医闹事件?     

Privileged policies versus lack of care and engagement: the lives of retired veteran cadres in a residential community of Jinan Municipal Party Committee,China

Abstract

The Retirement System for Veteran Cadres (Lixiu) is one part of China’s dual-track retirement system. According to some official policies, retired veteran cadres should enjoy a number of privileges in terms of pension, health care, use of government vehicle, housing and peculiar political rights. Based on participant observation and semi-structured interview, the study looks into the life of the population in a residential community of Jinan Municipal Party Committee, Shandong Province. By incorporating Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the study finds that in China, services for retired cadres still fall short of the expectations of policy. Establishment of ‘big communities’ with the idea of ageing-in-place is suggested.     

我国农险公司经营状况及其差异性

运用随机前沿和熵权逼近理想解的方法,研究我国农险公司2012年的经营状况问题。研究表明：农险公司技术效率和竞争力水平均较低,服务三农的能力有待进一步提升;企业规模、注册区域、经营内容、上市情况和所有权归属等都是影响农险公司经营状况的重要因素。为了提升公司的技术效率和竞争力水平,农险公司应重点关注经营费用投入的管理和营运能力的提升。     

中国异地就医的困境与路径优化研究

医疗保险制度是构成中国社会保险制度的重要内容,关系到每个公民的切身利益。近年来,中国建立并逐步完善了城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗三大医疗保险制度,相对健全的医疗保障体系有效地缓解了看病难、看病贵的难题,切实减轻了患者的医疗费用负担,缓和了日趋紧张的医患矛盾,促进了社会的稳定与和谐。当前中国基本医疗保险制度实行属地化管理,而中国异地就医现象已经越来越普遍,异地就医产生的医疗费用逐年递增,患者异地就医需求与属地化管理政策之间存在一定的冲突,产生诸如异地就医报销难等问题。通过对中国异地就医政策现状进行分析与调查研究,我们发现,中国异地就医当前面临若干困境,异地就医费用报销难问题异常突出。在回顾与梳理2009年至今国家出台的相关政策及学者研究成果的基础上,借鉴欧盟异地就医的相关理论与实践,可对优化中国异地就医政策提出新的政策性思考。