水费回收管理风险防范的法律思考

文章针对目前供水企业存在的水费回收难的问题,通过对供水法规建设的梳理,从风险防范的角 度,探讨保障水费回收的法律措施及对策。     

工程量清单计价及风险防范

工程量清单计价是工程造价制度的改革,也给施工企业带来一定的风险,针对此情况,本文简要介绍了工程量清单计价以及采用该计价所带来的风险,并对风险防范提出了措施,希望通过对工程量清单计价及计价风险的简述,能为施工企业对项目科学决策提供一些依据.     

企业选择长期融资方式的原因分析

企业运营的筹措资金不仅是财务管理的方法,也是企业最高管理层面临的难题。企业管理层在选择长期融资方式时考虑的因素很多。企业的管理层在选择长期融资方式时与企业投资的去向、类型联系在一起而不仅仅考虑以往的经验或偏好。     

A comparison study of realtime fatality rates: severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Toronto and Beijing, China

Summary.  In an outbreak of a completely new infectious disease like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), estimation of the fatality rate over the course of the epidemic is of clinical and epidemiological importance. In contrast with the constant case fatality rate, a new measure, termed the 'realtime' fatality rate, is proposed for monitoring the new emerging epidemic at a population level. A competing risk model implemented via a counting process is used to estimate the realtime fatality rate in an epidemic of SARS. It can capture and reflect the time-varying nature of the fatality rate over the course of the outbreak in a timely and accurate manner. More importantly, it can provide information on the efficacy of a certain treatment and management policy for the disease. The method has been applied to the SARS data from the regions affected, namely Hong Kong, Singapore, Toronto, Taiwan and Beijing. The magnitudes and patterns of the estimated fatalities are virtually the same except in Beijing, which has a lower rate. It is speculated that the effect is linked to the different treatment protocols that were used. The standard estimate of the case fatality rate that was used by the World Health Organization has been shown to be unable to provide useful information to monitor the time-varying fatalities that are caused by the epidemic.     

对商业银行中间业务风险的研究与探索

相对于资产负债业务而言,商业银行中间业务风险较低,但收益与风险是始终相伴随的,中间业务在给商业银行带来可观收益的同时也带来了风险。因此,商业银行在开发中间业务时,必须坚持业务拓展与风险防范并重的原则,加强对中间业务的内部管理和风险控制,建立完善中间业务的风险管理系统。     

Monsters in cyberspace cyberphobia and cultural panic in the information age

This paper explores popular attitudes toward the Internet (and computer-mediated communication more generally) by mapping some of the more threatening, transgressive and 'monstrous' images associated with cyberspace. An account of risk consciousness is developed in three parts: (1) comparisons with earlier information technologies reveals similarities and differences with regard to public attitudes toward cyberspace and its risks; (2) the development of a model of contemporary teratological space derived from images of boundary-dissolving threats, intrusive alterities and existential ambivalences created by the erosion of binary distinctions and hierarchies; and (3) possible historical and sociological explanations of cyberpanic drawing on recent theorizations of globalization (capitalism/information society theory, risk society theory, reflexive modernization theory, and alterity theory).     

The Greater Ability of Graphical Versus Numerical Displays to Increase Risk Avoidance Involves a Common Mechanism

By displaying a risk reduction of 50% graphically rather than numerically, Stone, Yates, and Parker significantly increased professed risk-avoidant behavior. The current experiments replicated this effect at various risk ratios. Specifically, participants were willing to spend more money to reduce a risk when the risk information was displayed by asterisks rather than by numbers for risk-reduction ratios ranging from 3% to 97%. Transforming the amount participants were willing to spend to logarithms significantly improved a linear fit to the data, suggesting that participants convert this variable within the decision-making process. Moreover, a log-linear model affords an exceptional fit to both the graphical and numerical data, suggesting that a graphical presentation elicits the same decision-making mechanism as does the numerical display. In addition, the data also suggest that each person removed from harm is weighted more by some additional factor in the graphical compared to the numerical presentations.     

医药企业货款风险及其防范

近年来,医药企业的货款风险日益增大,需引起足够重视和加以重点防范。为此,文章较详细地分析了造成医药企业巨额货款风险的根本原因,并提出了防范货款风险的具体措施。     

RAROC原则下的企业客户赊销风险管理机制研究

本文引入RAROC方法对企业客户赊销风险进行分析,计算经企业赊销风险调整后的收益以及企业为防备非预期损失导致破产或自身信用的转移而必须的”风险资本”,进而计算RAROC(经风险调整后的资本收益)使企业赊销产生的收益与所承受风险匹配。这不仅使企业能够在整体上控制赊销风险,正确处理赊销与业务发展之间的均衡关系,完善企业的风险管理目标,而且还可用于单笔赊销业务的评估以及对企业信用管理部门、销售人员等的业绩考核。     

When Does Information about Probability Count in Choices Under Risk?

The question addressed in the present research is whether in naturalistic risky decision environments people are sensitive to information about the probability parameter. In Study 1, we showed that in naturalistic scenarios participants generally revealed little interest in obtaining information about the outcomes and probabilities. Moreover, participants asked fewer questions about probabilities for scenarios containing moral considerations. In Study 2, it was shown that, when supplied with information on probabilities, people could be sensitive to this information. This sensitivity depends on two factors. People were less sensitive to probabilities in scenarios perceived as containing ethical considerations. People were also less sensitive to probabilities when they were faced with a single-choice situation than when they were faced with a series of lotteries with different probabilities. This can be accounted for in terms of the evaluability principle.