试论邓小平的忧患意识

忧患意识是中华民族爱国主义精神的重要内容。作为第一代中央领导集体的重要成员和第二代中央领导集体的核心,邓小平表现出了对国家前途和民族命运的强烈忧患意识。在邓小平的政治生涯中,他有“三起三落”的经历,特别是他第三次复出之后,面对中国的落后和西方发达国家在经济、科技等方面的先进发达,其忧患意识表现得更为强烈。他的忧患意识是对关系国家、民族前途和命运的重大问题深切忧虑的理性认识。继承和发扬他的忧患意识,具有重大的理论意义和实践意义。     

建立东北亚安全机制:机遇与原则

和平与发展的时代主题 ,各国对多边安全合作的积极态度 ,朝鲜与他国关系的改善 ,经济全球化带来的相互依存 ,为建立东北亚安全机制提供了重大的机遇。只要切实按照平等参与、协商一致、尊重现状、循序渐进、以经促政的原则行事 ,一个充满活力、公正合理的东北亚安全机制一定能够形成     

如何提高巧实力和整体外交能力——基于机会成本和边际效应的视角

国际政治中对于权力内涵的认识是一个不断演进的过程,从国家实力到硬实力、软实力,再到巧实力。这不仅反映了国际体系的变化和发展,也意味着一国整体外交能力建设应该不断纳入新的因素。但如何优化组合这些因素,以提升一国的巧实力和整体外交能力,目前尚缺乏明确的原则。经济学中的机会成本和边际效应,包括消费的边际效用递减效应和生产要素投入边际产出递减效应等视角,可以在确定外部挑战和机遇、加强整体外交能力的软硬实力基础,以及提升巧实力方面发挥重要指导作用。     

开拓创新 精心经营 促进教育理论刊物的可持续发展——中国教育学会教育理论刊物专业委员会2003年年会纪要

在国际化日益加速的过程中,在全面建设小康社会的现代化征程上,教育理论刊物肩负着为教育改革和发展服务、为提升全民素质服务、为社会现代化服务的时代重任。在中国教育学会教育理论刊物专业委员会2003年年会上,与会代表提出,在市场经济中,教育理论刊物要增强质量与品牌意识、竞争与合作意识、市场和经营意识、创新和服务意识,关注教育理论和实践中的热点问题,明确刊物的目标定位,努力提高学术质量,不断开拓创新,促进教育理论刊物的可持续发展。     

治理能力与社会机会——基于世界治理指标的实证研究

社会机会能够提高人类的发展水平,促进社会成员个人发展质量的提高.社会成员对社会机会的广泛共享是经济社会协调发展的基本取向,也是政府治理行为追求的重要目标之一.通过对各国政府治理能力和社会机会水平之间关系的实证研究发现,治理能力的提升有助于社会机会的扩大,能够促进全社会成员共享经济和社会发展的成果.     

Estimation of system reliability for exponential distributions based on L ranked set sampling

Abstract

In the case where strength and stress both follow exponential distributions, this paper considers the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the system reliability based on L ranked set sampling (LRSS). The proposed MLE is shown to have existence, uniqueness and asymptotic normality, and its asymptotic variance is obtained by the Fisher information matrix of LRSS. The values of asymptotic relative efficiencies show that the proposed MLE is always more efficient than the MLE using simple random sampling (SRS). However, the MLE using LRSS cannot be written in closed form. Therefore, the modified MLE is proposed using the technique replaced some terms in the maximum likelihood equations by their expectations. The newly modified MLE using LRSS is shown to be superior to the MLE using SRS. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a real data set on metastatic renal carcinoma study.     

The impact of economic,social and cultural conditions on educational attainments

This paper aims at investigating the effect of Economic Social and Cultural Status (ESCS) on the educational performances of students, using two waves of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey of OECD (2009, 2012). The analysis is conducted at student level for all countries included in the PISA sample. The estimates are based on the Conditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), applied for the first time in the Slack Based Measure (SBM) version. This method allows a detailed evaluation of the additional effort the students should do when they are operating in an ESCS that has a comparative disadvantage. The unprecedented use of a conditional non-radial model of efficiency, provides evidences of a significant effect of the ESCS on performances, with a strong heterogeneity among students, and countries. It follows that some problems with education may not be due to the education systems themselves, but to the economic, social and cultural gaps, which determine a persistence of inequality of opportunity. Thus, public policies are needed to foster virtuous paths to reduce disparities among students with different socioeconomic background both between and within systems.     

四方控制权制衡、自由现金流量与过度投资行为

目前关于过度投资的研究主要集中在债务融资对过度投资行为的影响上,关于公司控制权制衡与过度投资行为关系的研究基本还是空白。本文通过对自由现金流量和过度投资行为的进一步分析,从控制权制衡角度出发,构建以股东、董事会、监事会和债权人四方为主的过度投资行为制衡模型,研究我国上市公司控制权制衡、自由现金流量与过度投资行为之间的关系。     

Assessment of supplier performance based on product-development strategy by applying multi-granularity linguistic term sets

Measuring supplier performance possesses the properties of multi-dimension and multi-scale, it increases the complexity of the aggregation and assessment process. A focal company must develop an effective procedure for overcoming the complexity of performance measurement. Furthermore, the assessment of supplier performance must conform to the product-developed strategy of the focal company. This study is a further research deeper into the concept already introduced in Chang et al. [1] [Applying fuzzy linguistic quantifier to select supply chain partners at different phases of product life cycle. International Journal of Production Economics 2006; 100(2):348–59]; using multi-granularity linguistic variable and numerical ration scale to represent the overall supply performance. By unifying the derived information, the measurement complexity could be resolved. The fuzzy preference was constructed to adjust the consistent direction and transform information into fuzzy relationship. Finally, fuzzy linguistic quantifier guided ordered weighted aggregation (FLQG-OWA) operator with maximal entropy was computed and aggregated with all indicators to meet the current policy of the focal company.     

集体行动视角下的制度逻辑演化机制研究

通过对我国专车服务市场制度变革过程的纵向案例研究,探讨了组织场域中的集体行动如何推动制度逻辑演化的内在机制问题。研究发现：制度逻辑的演化过程主要经历了分离、冲突和共存三种状态,不同的制度逻辑的演化是由行动主体能动性策略和资源利用所构建的集体行动模式差异性驱动的。制度变革机会的涌现促使场域中的行动主体采用协调性的集体行动模式,促成了新制度逻辑的生成,并导致了新、旧两种制度逻辑的分离;在制度变革机会变得模糊的场域中,行动主体非协调的集体行动促使新、旧两种制度逻辑之间的激烈冲突;而在制度变革机会沉没的情境下,行动主体再协调性的集体行动最终促成了新、旧两种制度逻辑的共存。研究结论对我国当前复杂制度环境下新兴业态的发展以及传统业态的协同治理提供了重要的借鉴和启示。