和谐管理理论指导下的合法性与独特性动态平衡机制研究

针对组织制定发展战略时不可避免的合法性与独特性权衡问题,基于和谐管理理论,选取案例研究的方法,探究组织如何实现最低合法性基础上的最优独特性。研究表明:“系统性整体设计、和谐主题制定与调整、围绕和谐主题的谐则-和则体系优化及动态耦合”可作为组织实现最低合法性基础上的最优独特性的指导性研究框架。此外,阐述了西交利物浦大学处理“求同还是存异”问题的办学实践与该研究框架的融合,于整体化的视角提出了独特性与合法性的权衡过程是一个有限干预下复杂系统的设计和演化问题。     

Max-npv项目进度问题研究评述

首先介绍了不受资源约束Max-npv项目进度问题在模型和算法方面的研究进展;随后,根据资源约束类型的不同,对可更新、不可更新及双重资源约束Max-npv项目进度问题的研究成果,特别是优化算法和启发式算法的设计进行了概述;最后,对Max-npv项目进度问题的研究现状进行了总结并指出进一步的研究方向。     

Non-exclusive group contests: An experimental analysis

We experimentally study a non-exclusive group contest in which contestants actively participate in multiple groups simultaneously. We compare the results of this contest to those of an exclusive group contest in which each contestant belongs to a single group. In contrast to theoretical predictions, we find that the non-exclusive group contest generates less aggregate effort than the equivalent exclusive group contest. We hypothesize that groups in the non-exclusive group contest are less responsive to their rival group’s effort than those in the exclusive group contest. Likewise, on the individual level, players in the non-exclusive group contest are more likely to free-ride on their group members’ contributions. Our data indicate that non-free-riders in the non-exclusive group contest are more likely, over time, to allocate their effort toward a single group. This finding is consistent with previous findings that players facing a complex strategy space tend to focus on specific winning combinations. Moreover, given that players are affected by their group members’ contributions, they tend to exert their effort primarily toward a single group. Taken together, our findings suggest that a non-exclusive group contest may evolve, over time, into an exclusive group contest.     

R&D成果转让合同履约的定量分析:激励对策与优效设计

R&D(研究与开发)成果向生产力转化难的问题因研发方利益无保障而普遍存在。本文运用经济对策理论和数量分析方法,对R＆D成果转让合同给出定量描述,并在此基础上对实际中常见的三种成果转让情形分别给出了激励受让方履约的合同设计。对三种合同的履约激励相容性给出了证明。对其中两种情形还讨论了使受让方履约与研发方利润最大化或审计成本最小化的双目标优效合同设计,建立了各情形下的双目标激励优效条件。最后通过一个具体例子说明所设计的多期双目标优效合同的可行性及应用。     

The freight allocation problem with all-units quantity-based discount: A heuristic algorithm

This paper studies a problem encountered by a buying office for one of the largest retail distributors in the world. An important task for the buying office is to plan the distribution of goods from Asia to various destinations across Europe. The goods are transported along shipping lanes by shipping companies, which offer different discount rates depending on the freight quantity. To increase the reliability of transportation, the shipper imposes a quantity limit on each shipping company on each shipping lane. To guarantee a minimum business volume, each shipping company requests a minimum total freight quantity over all lanes if it is contracted. The task involves allocating projected demand of each shipping lane to shipping companies subject to the above conditions such that the total cost is minimized.Existing work on this and related problems employs commercial linear programming software to solve their models. However, since the problem is NP−hard in the strong sense, it is unlikely to be solvable optimally in reasonable time for large cases. Hence, we propose the first heuristic-based algorithm for the problem, which combines a filter-and-fan search scheme with a tabu search mechanism. Experiments on randomly generated test instances show that as the size of the problem increases, our algorithm produces superior solutions in less time compared to a leading mixed-integer programming solver.     

Decision analysis and risk models for land development affecting infrastructure systems

Coordination and layering of models to identify risks in complex systems such as large-scale infrastructure of energy, water, and transportation is of current interest across application domains. Such infrastructures are increasingly vulnerable to adjacent commercial and residential land development. Land development can compromise the performance of essential infrastructure systems and increase the costs of maintaining or increasing performance. A risk-informed approach to this topic would be useful to avoid surprise, regret, and the need for costly remedies. This article develops a layering and coordination of models for risk management of land development affecting infrastructure systems. The layers are: system identification, expert elicitation, predictive modeling, comparison of investment alternatives, and implications of current decisions for future options. The modeling layers share a focus on observable factors that most contribute to volatility of land development and land use. The relevant data and expert evidence include current and forecasted growth in population and employment, conservation and preservation rules, land topography and geometries, real estate assessments, market and economic conditions, and other factors. The approach integrates to a decision framework of strategic considerations based on assessing risk, cost, and opportunity in order to prioritize needs and potential remedies that mitigate impacts of land development to the infrastructure systems. The approach is demonstrated for a 5,700-mile multimodal transportation system adjacent to 60,000 tracts of potential land development.     

Optimal Inventory Control with Dual‐Sourcing,Heterogeneous Ordering Costs and Order Size Constraints

We consider a dual‐sourcing inventory system, where procuring from one supplier involves a high variable cost but negligible fixed cost whereas procuring from the other supplier involves a low variable cost but high fixed cost, as well as an order size constraint. We show that the problem can be reduced to an equivalent single‐sourcing problem. However, the corresponding ordering cost is neither concave nor convex. Using the notion of quasi‐convexity, we partially characterize the structure of the optimal policy and show that it can be specified by multiple thresholds which determine when to order from each supplier and how much. In contrast to previous research, which does not consider order size constraints, we show that it is optimal to simultaneously source from both suppliers when the beginning inventory level is sufficiently low. We also show that the decision to source from the low‐cost supplier is not monotonic in the inventory level. Our results require that the variable costs satisfy a certain condition which guarantees quasi‐convexity. However, extensive numerical results suggest that our policy is almost always optimal when the condition is not satisfied. We also show how the results can be extended to systems with multiple capacitated suppliers.     

Combined Pricing and Portfolio Option Procurement

In this paper, we study a single‐product periodic‐review inventory system that faces random and price‐dependent demand. The firm can purchase the product either from option contracts or from the spot market. Different option contracts are offered by a set of suppliers with a two‐part fee structure: a unit reservation cost and a unit exercising cost. The spot market price is random and its realization may affect the subsequent option contract prices. The firm decides the reservation quantity from each supplier and the product selling price at the beginning of each period and the number of options to exercise (inventory replenishment) at the end of the period to maximize the total expected profit over its planning horizon. We show that the optimal inventory replenishment policy is order‐up‐to type with a sequence of decreasing thresholds. We also investigate the optimal option‐reservation policy and the optimal pricing strategy. The optimal reservation quantities and selling price are shown to be both decreasing in the starting inventory level when demand function is additive. Building upon the analytical results, we conduct a numerical study to unveil additional managerial insights. Among other things, we quantify the values of the option contracts and dynamic pricing to the firm and show that they are more significant when the market demand becomes more volatile.     

企业晋升公平激励与优化对策研究

我国企业晋升制度不健全、监督机制不完善、晋升文化扭曲等原因导致了我国企业晋升激励中存在性别歧视、玻璃天花板、看重关系等问题。企业要构建基于组织公平的晋升激励模型,并从培育正确的组织公平文化,不断完善晋升程序,选择和培训合适的晋升决策者,帮助员工树立正确的晋升观念,扩展我国企业晋升激励路径等五个方面保障企业晋升的公平激励效果。     

零售商和生产商的食品安全努力水平研究

为进一步明确零售商和生产商在食品安全方面所应做出的努力,建立零售商和生产商努力水平为变量的预期利润优化模型,研究他们各自利润和整体利润最大化下在食品安全方面的最优努力水平及其相互影响。结果表明:若零售商和生产商努力水平在提高食品安全水平方面具有互补关系时,零售商和生产商的最优努力水平具有相互正向影响;当他们的努力水平不是互补关系时,抽检食品样本数量以及发生食品安全问题后他们所负担的惩罚成本都会直接影响零售商和生产商的最优努力水平间的正向影响。