大型电站汽轮发电机板翅式空-空冷却器优化设计

研究了大型电站汽轮发电机板翅式空ˉ空冷却器最优设计问题；建立了以最小质量为目标函数的最优设计数学模型，采用复形调优法编制了考虑工作条件、几何约束、热力参数约束的不同换热翅型的优化设计软件包，为扩大大型电站汽轮发电机的使用环境提供了条件。经比较分析，在给定约束条件下，锯齿形型面为最佳，其优化设计结果质量可减少约１６％。     

中国教育产品提供方式的现状分析和政策选择

教育部门主要提供个人和社会所需要的教育产品.教育产品的提供方式是教育资源配置和利用决策中的核心问题.教育产品的基本属性表现为效用上的可分割性、消费上的竞争性、受益上的排他性、正外部性、公益性,政府资助是促使教育产品供应最优化的重要条件.义务教育是公共产品,高中教育和高等教育是具有公益性的私人产品,职业技术教育和成人教育基本上是私人产品.当前我国教育产品提供方式的基本格局为义务教育产品以政府生产和提供为主,市场生产和提供的范围很有限;非义务教育产品虽然主要依托政府生产和提供,但近期市场生产和提供的份额越来越大.今后我国教育产品提供应当形成政府、市场、社会和学校相互联系、相互制约的运行机制.政府应成为公办学校的举办者、管理者和民办学校的支持者;市场提供社会所需的数量有限的赢利性产品和较大量的非赢利性产品;中介组织更多更好地参与产品生产服务体系的建立和发展工作;各级各类学校积极采用科学、规范、高效的运作方式提供数量足、质量高、社会所需的各类教育产品.     

论构建高校和谐校园的基本内涵和主要举措

构建社会主义和谐社会是我国经济与社会协调发展的客观要求,是有效协调各种社会矛盾,化解各种社会问题的必由之路。高校作为社会的一个子系统,其内部是否和谐,对构建和谐社会十分重要。经过20多年来不断改革的高校,在各方面都取得了很大的进步,但也存在许多不和谐的因素。笔者认为高校应从资源的配置管理、学术文化氛围、主导价值观和与社会的良性互动等几个方面加强和谐校园的构建,发挥出教师、学生的主体能动性,营造出充满活力的和谐校园。     

我国城市园林绿化中存在的问题及对策

城市园林绿化是改善城市生态环境、提高城市知名度的重要手段。随着生活质量的提高,人们对园林绿化的要求也在不断提高,而目前的城市园林绿化在适应人们要求的情况下,在配植上也出现了一些布局不合理、绿地结构趋向单一、树种搭配不当、特色树种、乡土树种少等问题,针对这些问题,提出了园林绿化的基本原则及解决问题的关键措施。     

Conditioning on Auxiliary Variable Means in Finite Population Inference

This paper reviews conditional properties of the mean and total estimators of a finite population when auxiliary information is available. An exact design-based conditional analysis for complex sampling designs is intractable, but an asymptotic conditional framework can be developed. Within such a framework the paper establishes sufficient conditions for conditional unbiasedness and explores conditional properties of various types of regression estimators. A sample statistic capable of indicating the presence of substantial conditional biases is proposed, and illustrated by a simulation study.     

Egoist's dilemma: a DEA game

This paper deals with problems of consensus-making among individuals or organizations with multiple criteria for evaluating their performance when the players are supposed to be egoistic; in the sense that each player sticks to his superiority regarding the criteria. We analyze this situation within the framework or concept developed in data envelopment analysis (DEA). This leads to a dilemma called the `egoist's dilemma'. We examine this dilemma using cooperative game theory and propose a solution. The scheme developed in this paper can also be applied to attaining fair cost allocations as well as benefit–cost distributions.     

基于动态规划的供应链选优模型

建立动态规划下供应链伙伴选择的模型,旨在解决不同指标要求下的供应链伙伴选择问题。模型分为两个阶段:第一阶段,主要是解决供应链伙伴的评价指标问题,即以什么方式评价供应链伙伴;第二阶段,以第一个阶段为基础,主要是从全局角度解决供应链的优化问题,即选择什么样的供应链,以利于整个供应链战略联盟。     

Modelling and simulation to improve decision‐making in clinical development

Modelling and simulation are buzz words in clinical drug development. But is clinical trial simulation (CTS) really a revolutionary technique? There is not much more to CTS than applying standard methods of modelling, statistics and decision theory. However, doing this in a systematic way can mean a significant improvement in pharmaceutical research. This paper describes in simple examples how modelling could be used in clinical development. Four steps are identified: gathering relevant information about a drug and the disease; building a mathematical model; predicting the results of potential future trials; and optimizing clinical trials and the entire clinical programme. We discuss these steps and give a number of examples of model components, demonstrating that relatively unsophisticated models may also prove useful. We stress that modelling and simulation are decision tools and point out the benefits of integrating them with decision analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pricing Strategies under Behavioral Observational Learning in Social Networks

The increasing pervasiveness of social networks allows users to share purchase behaviors with their online friends. In this study, we examine optimal pricing strategies of a monopolistic firm using an analytical model that accounts for behavioral observational learning in social networks. We show that a seller could potentially control the information available to future customers and induce behavioral observational learning, using an information‐revealing pricing strategy. This result suggests that offering introductory discounts is not always an effective method to boost purchases in social networks. It could prevent the behavioral observational learning that would increase future customers' willingness to pay.     

装卸工人调配问题新解法及其证明

阐述了现代物流技术中装卸工人调配问题、装卸工问题、限制情况下装卸工问题及其数学模型,证明了装卸工人调配问题与限制情况下装卸工问题的数学模型是等价的.通过分析装卸工人调配问题的数学性质得出该问题的一种新解法并给出其证明.新解法给出了该问题的所有最优解.