器官移植与罪犯权利的保护

保护罪犯在器官移植中的权利是当代器官移植所面临的一个复杂的问题。器官移植中应注意保护罪犯的生命健康权、身体权和知情权。     

政府机关人际腐败的成因及治理

政府机关人际腐败是在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中出现的一种新型腐败现象。它与过去的官员个人腐败现象不同,性质更严重,危害性更大。本文从人际腐败现象的表现形式入手,通过比较分析对人际腐败行为的特征进行总结,从人际关系的角度剖析人际腐败现象发生的原因。文章强调必须从体制上铲除人际腐败滋生蔓延的土壤和条件,并有针对性地提出解决问题的对策构想。     

我国司法体制存在的问题及其对策

我国司法体制在领导机制、监督机制、运行机制和人事制度等方面均存在一定的问题 ,在依法治国进程中 ,必须对我国的司法体制进行改革。要改革司法机关的双重领导体制实行垂直领导 ,制定政党法和监督法 ,加强权力机关的监督和新闻舆论的监督 ,强化审判管理、庭审功能及法官职责 ,对审判委员会制度进行革新 ,完善检察院的监督职能 ,创新人事制度。     

暗褐蝈螽(Gampsocleis sedakovii)中足复合胫听器的形态学研究

采用Spurr包埋法,对暗褐蝈螽(Gam psocleis sedakovii)成体中足胫节做连续半薄切片并进行镜检分析,详细观察了暗褐蝈螽中足复合胫听器的形态学特征,并与其前足鼓膜器官及其他螽斯中足复合胫听器做了比较.     

生命伦理的思索

在当代,克隆技术、器官移植、人工生殖技术等高新生物技术如雨后春笋般纷纷涌现,安乐死等医学现象也屡见不鲜,在人类社会还没有全面、理智地分析其利弊,没有建立一系列相应的社会调适机制的时候,它已经闯入并渗透到社会生活的各个层面,引起了人们关于生命伦理的深深思索。      

Assessing safety at the end of clinical trials using system organ classes: A case and comparative study

Recent approaches to the statistical analysis of adverse event (AE) data in clinical trials have proposed the use of groupings of related AEs, such as by system organ class (SOC). These methods have opened up the possibility of scanning large numbers of AEs while controlling for multiple comparisons, making the comparative performance of the different methods in terms of AE detection and error rates of interest to investigators. We apply two Bayesian models and two procedures for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), which use groupings of AEs, to real clinical trial safety data. We find that while the Bayesian models are appropriate for the full data set, the error controlling methods only give similar results to the Bayesian methods when low incidence AEs are removed. A simulation study is used to compare the relative performances of the methods. We investigate the differences between the methods over full trial data sets, and over data sets with low incidence AEs and SOCs removed. We find that while the removal of low incidence AEs increases the power of the error controlling procedures, the estimated power of the Bayesian methods remains relatively constant over all data sizes. Automatic removal of low-incidence AEs however does have an effect on the error rates of all the methods, and a clinically guided approach to their removal is needed. Overall we found that the Bayesian approaches are particularly useful for scanning the large amounts of AE data gathered.     

Changing college student perceptions and participation in organ donation: A classroom and service learning intervention

Each day an average of 18 people die from the lack of available organs for transplantation and the demand for organ, eye and tissue donation continues to vastly exceed the number of available donors. The single most effective method in addressing this issue remains programmatic efforts to encourage and support organ donation. The purpose of this article is to introduce a creative and comprehensive approach to enhance awareness, participation and organ donor registry among young adults. The programmatic intervention utilized a service learning model within a Freshman Year Seminar course focused on organ donation. The partnership between classroom-based curriculum and experiential learning served to increase knowledge and enhance positive attitudes toward organ donation, as measured by pre-post tests and student reflections in portfolio assessments. The number of organ donor registrants was increased as a result of student outreach activities. Results are discussed in terms of implications for increasing donation.     

流动人口违法犯罪问题及对策思考

流动人口违法犯罪一直是社会关注的热点问题,我国城市刑事案件的发案率与流动人口数量之间有着高度的相关性。导致流动人口犯罪有多方面的因素。针对流动人口犯罪的特点采取相应的对策:一是加强流动人口管理。改革流动人口管理体制,转变观念,提高服务意识,充分发挥公安机关的职能作用;二是从制度层面解决流动人口问题。只有二者兼顾,预防和打击流动人口犯罪才能收到良好的效果。     

抗日战争时期谢觉哉的乡村民主政治思想

谢觉哉抗日战争时期的乡村民主政治思想主要有三方面的内容:民主政治的支柱在于广泛的乡村;各别群众都有自己的组织;民主就得有民意机关。谢觉哉乡村民主政治思想对当时共产党在边区的基层民主政权建设提供了重要的理论指导,对今天的村民民主自治建设也不无启迪和借鉴意义。     

生物医学法的几个重大理论问题

器官移植、基因治疗和人工生殖(人工辅助生育技术)是21世纪人类最激动人心的研究成果,必将极大地造福人类社会。器官移植最核心的问题在于脑死亡的标准以及供体受体的选择所带来的法律问题,我国还没有完整的器官移植专门立法,在制定规则的时候要考虑到伦理、道德等多方面的因素。基因治疗的法律规制一直都是薄弱环节,包含很多不安全的因素,刑法应当作为一种最后手段介入调控。人工生殖作为现代医学治疗不孕的重要手段,对传统自然生殖方式有重要补救作用。人工生殖在对传统伦理道德观念形成冲击的同时,也对现有法律制度提出挑战。对以上问题,我们既要防止过度商业化,也要注意科学研究中的规范。