Status and competitive choice

In this paper, we extend the logic of existing sociological theory on status to explain how status processes can inform selection in competitive choice situations. We argue that in the absence of knowledge about the specific abilities of others and assuming a desire to win, when given the opportunity to “pick their battles,” people will draw on overt status differences as a basis for selecting a competitor from a pool of possible competitors. Results from three studies indicate that, as predicted, status differences affect competitor selection, with individuals choosing to compete against those who are relatively lower status based on diffuse characteristics. Moreover, consistent with expectation state theories, results from two studies show that the expectations that people form for their potential competitors based on status differences mediate this relationship. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research.     

立足中国 借鉴国外 创建中国特色社会调查学

中国是世界上开展社会调查最早的国家之一中国共产党是世界上社会调查经验教训最丰富的政党西方现代社会研究方法的引进,既取得了历史性成就.又存在着许多问題中国至今尚未形成充分体现自己特色的社会调查学必须立足中国,借签国外.在马克思主义指导下,在中国社会主义现代化建设实践和中国社会调查史实基础上,正确处理“马克思主义与中国、西方的关系”“历史与理论、方法的关系”“现实与历史、虚拟的关系”以下简称“马中西”“史论法”“实史虚”关系融通古今中外各种资源,创建充分体现中国特色、中阒风格、中国气派的社会调查学。     

突发重大疫情网络舆论的生成逻辑､演进特征与治理机制

新形势下突发重大疫情网络舆论不仅给疫情防控带来了严峻挑战,而且给维护国家意识形态安全带来了较大压力。厘清网络舆论的生成逻辑,把握网络舆论发展的演进特征,对做好网络舆论引导与谣言治理意义重大。在现代网络社会,随着交往实践的普遍进行,从现实逻辑、实践逻辑与理论逻辑来看,突发重大疫情网络舆论的生成,是网络议题、网络交往和网络传播相互作用的结果。受网络社会交往实践主体、客体、环体和介体等多种因素影响,突发重大疫情网络舆论又呈现为非线性的发展演进趋势,极易引发“蝴蝶效应”造成舆论秩序失范,甚至导致“塔西佗陷阱”的舆论信任危机,给疫情防控带来复杂变数。必须建立健全网络舆论治理机制,有效管控舆情,提高疫情防控治理水平。     

对现代期刊封面装帧设计的再认识

改革开放以后,期刊封面装帧设计在“全球一体化”的趋势下,正以崭新的面貌呈现在国内外读者面前,在人文性、个性化、时尚性、市场性等方面突显出与时代同步的特征。如何与时俱进的创造出具有本民族特色的期刊装帧设计风格,将是值得深思的问题。     

非营利组织视野下的高校教师管理

高校教师管理工作的关键在于如何帮助教师正视自身所承载的教育使命,处理好教育与科研、生存与发展、个体与组织等一系列关系。本文从高校的非营利组织特性入手,紧扣教师作为非营利组织成员应充分强调其职业理想与价值实现的这一特点,指出在高校教师管理中,尊重与保护教师的理想信念,构建积极有效的“对话”关系,分阶段地展开职业生涯规划,实现教师个体发展与高校发展的和谐统一。     

试论加拿大英语的特点

加拿大英语是英国英语的重要变体之一,由于受到历史、政治、文化、自然环境和社会结构等因素的影响,在演变过程中加拿大英语语音、语法、词汇等方面逐渐形成了自己的语言特色,与英国英语有较明显差异。     

独立学院人力资源的管理与开发

根据独立学院自身的特点,深入分析了现阶段独立学院在人力资源管理方面存在的各种问题,提出现阶段解决独立学院人力资源的开发、培训、薪酬、就业等方面的具体对策。     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

漫谈莎士比亚作品的语言特色

文章以莎士比亚作品的语言特色为出发点,结合伊丽莎白时代的特征和英语发展的历史背景,加以案例分析,揭示莎翁作品的语言在遣词、结构以及修辞手法方面的特别之处,并与现代英语的用法进行比较,从而对其在英语的使用和后世文学发展中的影响进行归纳,也为进一步研究莎翁作品提供语言特色上的参考.     

现代企业组织内部关系研究综述

改革开放以来,经济体制形式的多样性使得现代企业组织既传承了计划经济体制下“单位制”的特点,也采用了所谓先进的“科层制”来进行管理。然而,随着构建和谐社会理念的提出,现代企业组织内部关系也出现了许多新矛盾和新问题。从经济学视角来看,这些矛盾和冲突的根源是资源占有的不平等;从管理学视角来看,组织内部的关系更应该提倡合作和双赢,即和谐。笔者在归纳组织理论和组织关系相关研究的基础上,探析组织依赖研究,进行简要述评,提出从社会学视角开展基于资源交换的组织依赖研究的意义。