大学生能力认知差距及其培养研究--以重庆高校旅游管理专业为例

高校是旅游产业人力资源的培养基地,学生的能力是检验旅游高等教育质量的标尺。通过对重庆市高校旅游管理专业学生及其培养者、使用者的调查发现:学生及其培养者、使用者对学生的能力培养期望、学生实际能力的感知水平以及3者对学生的能力培养期望与实际能力的感知水平之间都存在明显的差距。差距的根源在于3者之间缺乏沟通与交流,对高校培养目标与教育环境的认知偏差以及生活阅历、知识经验的差异。要缩小差距,高校需要及时修正培养目标,使3者的期望保持合理的水平;切实改善教育环境,调整培养模式,增强学生的实际能力。     

“The Motherhood Wage Gap for Women in the United States: The Importance of College and Fertility Delay”

One of the stylized facts from the past 30 years has been the declining rate of first births before age 30 for all women and the increase rate of first births after age 30 among women with four-year college degrees (Steven P. Martin, Demography, 37(4), 523–533, 2000). What are some of the factors behind womens decision to postpone their childbearing? We hypothesize that the wage difference often observed between like-educated mothers and non-mothers (Jane Waldfogel, Journal of Labor Economics, 16, 505–545, 1998a; Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(1) 137–156, 1998b) may be affected by the postponement of childbearing until after careers are fully established. Hence, we focus on college-educated women because they are typically more career-oriented than their non-college educated counterparts and also the group most often observed postponing maternity. We use individual-level data on women from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) in order to control for individual-level unobserved heterogeneity as well as human capital characteristics, such as actual work experience, in our empirical analysis. We estimate wage equations, first producing base-line results to compare to the existing literature. Then, we expand the basic wage equation model to address fundamental econometric issues and the education/fertility issue at hand. Our empirical findings are two-fold. First, we find that college-educated mothers do not experience a motherhood wage penalty at all. In fact, they enjoy a wage boost when compared to college-educated childless women. Second, fertility delay enhances this wage boost even further. Our results provide an explanation for the observed postponement of maternity for educated women. We argue that the wage boost experienced by college-educated mothers may be the result of their search for family–friendly work environments, which, in turn, yields job matches with more female-friendly firms offering greater opportunities for advancement.JEL Codes: J13 and J3     

Evaluating technical efficiency of human capital formation in the Italian university: Evidence from Florence

This paper models the human capital formation in the Italian university and utilizes a measure of technical efficiency to estimate the output-efficiency of human capital formation in the University of Florence, by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on a selected set of inputs and outputs. It uses the Program Evaluation (PE) procedure as well, in an attempt to attribute shares of the variation in efficiency to factors that are beyond the control and factors that are under the control of the graduates and faculties. The authors thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.     

中小企业集群战略与西北区域经济发展

针对西北经济落后的现状,本文在讨论聚集经济各种优势的基础上,认为进行新的定向劳务输出是西部欠发达地区实施中小企业集群战略的重要措施。     

缩小贫富差距促进社会和谐

经济社会发展的最终目的是实现全体民众的共同富裕。缩小贫富差距是一项艰巨而长期的工作,要遵循公平正义、基本保障和平等协商的原则,在法律、政策、规划和工作机制等方面持续做出努力,着力解决就业、初次分配、再分配、社会保障等利益协调问题。     

中国自然利率的测算——基于SVAR方法

本文首先利用SVAR模型估计我国的自然利率水平,并在此基础上计算实际利率缺口,然后对实际利率缺口与通货膨胀率的关系进行研究。研究发现:我国实际利率长期低于自然利率;实际利率缺口与通货膨胀率负相关,实际利率缺口变大,通货膨胀率变小,反之则相反。分析表明,实际利率缺口作为宏观经济的重要指标能够反映通货膨胀的变化,利率政策制定部门应把实际利率缺口纳入到政策工具中。     

输出驱动引导下的大学英语精读课堂行动研究

语言输出是学生提高外语应用水平的重要手段,但在大学英语精读教学中,尤其是课文处理环节中,却存在学生输出意愿不强、输出缺乏内容、逻辑性不强的问题。笔者通过行动研究的方法将思维能力培养与课文篇章分析相结合设置课堂问题,力求改善学生课堂语言输出的数量和质量。两阶段的行动研究结果表明,学生语言输出能力培养与思维能力培养密不可分,二者的结合是提高学生语言输出能力的有效途径之一。     

大学生村官角色距离问题探究——以南京S村为例

调查发现,大学生村官工程各相关主体对大学生村官充满期待,这些角色期待构成了大学生村官的理想角色。但由于体制的原因,代表国家权力的大学生村官实际拥有的权威与这些高期待并不对称,再加上大学生村官的角色领悟出现偏差,以及大学生村官自身存在的一些缺陷,都使得大学生村官的理想角色与实际角色之间存在一定距离,最终大学生村官未能成为如"村民的保护者"和"国家的代理人"那样的理想角色。     

阅读中模糊容忍度与口语质量的相关性研究

为了了解阅读中的模糊容忍度与其随后口语产出质量之间是否存在相关关系,采用问卷调查的方法,分析了阅读中模糊容忍度与口语产出质量之间的关系.结果表明：阅读中的模糊容忍度与随后口语产出质量之间存在显著正相关.模糊容忍度越高,其口语成绩也越高.模糊容忍度对口语的影响表现在流利性、完整性和准确性三方面上.对语音和交际能力没有影响.阅读中的模糊容忍度与随后口语产出之间的相关性存在性别差异.对于女生而言存在这种相关性,对于男生则不存在.     

宅基地城乡间流转研究——基于T县城镇化的调查简

T县宅基地流转市场不活跃,交易方式单一,交易价格偏低,与大城市周边农村地区宅基地交易市场的火热场面迥异。“同心圆梯度差”现象客观存在．城郊农村与偏远农村之间的差异不容忽视,偏远农村宅基地城乡间流转的条件尚不成熟。偏远农村地区宅基地向城市居民流转的渠道不畅通,相关政策和规定的限制、农村地区基础建设落后、熟人社会的排外意识、农村居民对房宅的惜售心理构成了宅基地流转的主要障碍。宅基地的使用价值优先于财产价值,保障作用重要于融资作用,宅基地城乡间流转的必要性不充分、效率性不显著。宅基地制度改革需稳妥推进．宅基地城乡间流转应以大城市周边农村地区为试点,从城郊农村向偏远农村逐步推进。同时,要借鉴土地发展权制度,对尚未实施宅基地城乡间流转政策的农村地区的居民予以补贴。对于宅基地所具有的财产价值,主要通过放开抵押、担保、出租等与宅基地的居住保障功能较为兼容的财产收益方式给予保障。