"天人合一"观的现代生态伦理价值

中国传统“天人合一”观蕴含了丰富的生态伦理思想,具有重要的现代价值。它从整体论的原则出发,提供了理解人与自然关系的哲学构架和思维模式,放弃了近代机械自然观主客二分的思维方式,从整体和部分的关系来认识人与自然的关系。它所蕴含的基本生态理念与现代生态伦理学的基本生态理念惊人地相似,为构建中国自己的生态伦理学提供了极具现实意义的理论渊源和思想资料,进一步阐明了“天人合一”观的现实价值与作用。     

论宋代军人的优抚保障政策及影响

两宋时期政府对军队的优抚与保障事业高度重视,军队优抚主要有残疾者优抚、阵亡优抚和平时官兵死亡优抚等;宋代军人的保障主要包括军人裁汰的安置、军人的疾病与受伤救治和出征军人家属的安置等.宋代军人的优抚保障政策不仅提高了军队战斗力,而且在中国历史上产生了深远影响.     

基于发展战略的高校后勤实体企业伦理建设

知识经济时代,卓越伦理以其有价值、稀缺性和难以模仿性,成为可持续竞争优势的一个重要来源。处于转型时期的高校后勤实体,面临着继续深化改革与改革动力不足、市场竞争加剧与组织活力下降的矛盾。为此,加强伦理建设,着力体现管理组织价值观,寻求组织发展的内在动力;推行伦理管理制度化,改造员工的行为,提升企业服务能力;重视利益相关者利益,树立良好的社会形象,在追求社会价值的过程中实现组织价值的最大化,已成为高校后勤寻求实体发展之路的战略选择。     

河南农村区域经济发展差异及对策

以河南108个县(市)为研究单元,利用县域农民人均纯收入指标,将河南农村社会经济发展状况划分为3大经济区域。通过经济计量方法定量分析了不同经济区域各产业发展与农民收入之间关系,结合各经济区域分布现状格局以及社会经济总体状况之间存在的差异,提出了河南新农村建设应遵循分类规划、分区发展、差异目标的建议。     

此处无声胜有声——为《蝇王》中女性缺席正名

《蝇王》是诺贝尔文学奖获得者、英国作家威廉.戈尔丁的代表作,也是二战后世界文坛颇有份量的一部小说。小说因女性角色缺席而历来颇受争议。女性缺席实际上是英国荒岛文学的一大传统,《蝇王》并未冒天下之大不韪。小说所表现的主题——人性之恶——也为女性缺席留取了可商榷的空间,而小说结尾则从另外一个侧面暗示了女性缺席只是表面现象:正是女性缺席突出了其在场的重要性和必要性,可谓此处无声胜有声。     

State‐led industrial development,structural transformation and elite‐led plunder: Angola (2002–2013) as a developmental state

From 2002 to 2013, Angola engaged in large‐scale state‐led reconstruction and development alongside an elite‐led appropriation and seizure of national assets. Until the oil price shock, Angola had been succeeding in promoting rapid economic growth, and possibly even significant social development, alongside a massive grab of wealth and power by local elites. Today, though an economic crisis has taken hold, frequent predictions of the country's imminent collapse have yet to be fulfilled. This article reviews the state's development planning and expenditure with a focus on public investment and industrial development to determine to what extent Angola during this period might be considered a developmental or petro‐developmental state. It is argued that, while more significant than generally thought, petro‐developmental outcomes were and are limited by the autocratic and neopatrimonial tendencies of the Angolan elite. Nevertheless, limited success with structural transformation may have lasting effects. Following its long civil war, the conditions existed for Angola to follow a new path of state‐led development. Though it may now be more difficult, structural transformation and economic diversification remain the only path to economic and social development.     

马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论及对研究生思想政治教育的启示

马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论包括人的需要满足、人的能力提高、人的主体性发展和人的社会关系丰富等方面。当前,研究生教育存在重视专业学习而忽视思想政治教育的现象,其思想政治教育也存在着主体性欠缺、方式单一的弊端。以马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论为指导,加强对研究生思想政治教育,促进其全面发展;坚持以人为本,提高亲和力;尊重教育对象的个性,增强针对性;立足人的社会性,为和谐社会建设添砖加瓦。     

古镇旅游资源开发的总体设计思路——以胜芳古镇旅游资源开发为例

以胜芳古镇旅游资源开发为例,通过对古镇旅游资源的分析评价、SWOT分析、古镇旅游发展目标与战略等问题的分析,扼要阐释了古镇旅游资源开发的总体设计思路。     

Estimates of subgroup treatment effects in overall nonsignificant trials: To what extent should we believe in them?

In drug development, it sometimes occurs that a new drug does not demonstrate effectiveness for the full study population but appears to be beneficial in a relevant subgroup. In case the subgroup of interest was not part of a confirmatory testing strategy, the inflation of the overall type I error is substantial and therefore such a subgroup analysis finding can only be seen as exploratory at best. To support such exploratory findings, an appropriate replication of the subgroup finding should be undertaken in a new trial. We should, however, be reasonably confident in the observed treatment effect size to be able to use this estimate in a replication trial in the subpopulation of interest. We were therefore interested in evaluating the bias of the estimate of the subgroup treatment effect, after selection based on significance for the subgroup in an overall “failed” trial. Different scenarios, involving continuous as well as dichotomous outcomes, were investigated via simulation studies. It is shown that the bias associated with subgroup findings in overall nonsignificant clinical trials is on average large and varies substantially across plausible scenarios. This renders the subgroup treatment estimate from the original trial of limited value to design the replication trial. An empirical Bayesian shrinkage method is suggested to minimize this overestimation. The proposed estimator appears to offer either a good or a conservative correction to the observed subgroup treatment effect hence provides a more reliable subgroup treatment effect estimate for adequate planning of future studies.     

Adaptive phase I/II clinical trials for drug combination assessment in oncology using the outcomes of each cycle

Many new anticancer agents can be combined with existing drugs, as combining a number of drugs may be expected to have a better therapeutic effect than monotherapy owing to synergistic effects. Furthermore, to drive drug development and to reduce the associated cost, there has been a growing tendency to combine these as phase I/II trials. With respect to phase I/II oncology trials for the assessment of dose combinations, in the existing methodologies in which efficacy based on tumor response and safety based on toxicity are modeled as binary outcomes, it is not possible to enroll and treat the next cohort of patients unless the best overall response has been determined in the current cohort. Thus, the trial duration might be potentially extended to an unacceptable degree. In this study, we proposed a method that randomizes the next cohort of patients in the phase II part to the dose combination based on the estimated response rate using all the available observed data upon determination of the overall response in the current cohort. We compared the proposed method to the existing method using simulation studies. These demonstrated that the percentage of optimal dose combinations selected in the proposed method is not less than that in the existing method and that the trial duration in the proposed method is shortened compared to that in the existing method. The proposed method meets both ethical and financial requirements, and we believe it has the potential to contribute to expedite drug development.