浅议当前农村养老保障体系中的缺陷和问题

目前农村家庭养老矛盾重重 ,面临农村养老保障由家庭养老向社会养老逐渐过渡的问题。在统筹社会养老基金时 ,应考虑农村养老保障体制转换成本问题 ,应由集体经济和国家负担部分转换成本。家庭养老以精神激励为主 ,但也要实行有效的监督。社会养老基金统筹可采用浮动制的收费办法 ,以弥补保费收缴水平偏低的矛盾     

城市迁移人口及管理问题探讨

改革开放以来中国城市人口增长的最主要来源是人口的迁移增长 ,因此城市人口管理体制的重要一环是城市人口迁移的管理。本文根据城市人口迁移管理体制及其相关的问题进行分析 ,提出了要科学地依据自然资源与社会资源测定城市的人口承载力 ,对人口迁移增长的控制有科学的根据 ,对人口迁移增长有目标、有规划 ,并对城市人口迁移进行科学管理的创见     

Communicating future water needs to an at-risk population: lessons learned following defeat of the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project in San Antonio,Texas

San Antonio, Texas, the seventh largest city in the United States, has experienced steady population growth, since the “boom” of the 1960s. Projected water shortages due to this growth were realized as early as the 1970s by city leaders and south-central Texas regional development decision makers. To reduce dependence on the already over-taxed, Edwards aquifer, a solution, the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project, was developed with wide acceptance by federal, state, and city leaders who regarded the project as a necessary measure for regional growth and development. However, opposition by taxpayer and environmental groups led to referendums of 1991 and 1994 in which voters blocked construction of the dam and reservoir leaving the city with limited options for water provision. This case study investigated the factors which led to a clear mismatch in communication between decision makers—those who were aware of the actual and quantifiable risk to the region in terms of reduced water supplies—and the general public, a population that did not have complete and/or adequate knowledge of their actual risk regarding future water shortages, nor, of solutions being developed, such as the Applewhite project. The findings from this case study indicate that when municipal leadership fails to adequately communicate risk regarding resource shortage to an affected public, as well as, openly planned solutions, that voters are likely to underestimate future impacts of water shortages, heed last-minute opposition, and reject long-standing, publicly proposed projects. The intent of this research is not to support either side in the Applewhite controversy, but to shed perspective on the process of adequately and effectively communicating future water needs to an at-risk population. Decision makers in cities across the United States who are faced with solving problems of limited resources needed by a large populace may be informed by the results of this research.     

家庭托育点管理实践及启示：政策工具的视角

家庭托育点的规范化对婴幼儿健康成长至关重要。通过文献收集和访谈获得既往管理举措和当前试点政策,运用政策工具进行分析和总结,探究管理家庭托育点的背景、对象和措施。结果表明：家庭托育点因经济优势而被纳入管理,现有征求意见稿管理对象偏向小规模邻托,但试点和市场偏向较大收托规模;消防审查依托既有消防验收,师资准入要求偏低,质量监管依靠政府。管理建议：应根据收托规模区分小型和大型家庭托育点开展试点;完善三方协同的管理架构,设定专门空间环境要求,提高师资准入要求,建立综合质量监管。     

高校管理要树立以人为本的理念

以人为本是高校最重要的管理理念,是高校科学发展观的本质和核心。坚持以教师为本、以学生为本是高校管理的时代特征和必然要求。具体体现在高校管理中就是要坚持"以教师为主导,以学生为中心"。     

Interplay between Friends' Aggression and Friendship Quality in the Development of Child Aggression during the Early School Years

The aim of this study was to investigate the unique and combined role of friendship quality and friends' aggression in regard to the persistence of young children's physical aggression from kindergarten to grade 2. The sample included 1555 children (808 girls) assessed annually using teacher ratings. Two theoretical perspectives (i.e., the social learning and the social bonding perspectives) served as frameworks to guide the analyses and interpret the results. In line with the social learning perspective, friends' aggression was related to a significant increase in children's physical aggression. However, in line with the social bonding perspective, good friendship quality played both a compensatory and a protective role, by, respectively, reducing children's initial level of physical aggression and by mitigating, albeit marginally, the associations between friends' and children's physical aggression. These results suggest that fostering a positive relationship between friends in the early school years may decrease physical aggression even if the friends are aggressive.     

北京地名管理中的片区地名问题

随着城市的发展,大量沿街商铺的涌现,门牌设置出现了同一座楼房楼下为道路门牌系统,楼上为小区门牌系统的混乱状况,如何处理片区地名的命名成为地名规划工作中的棘手问题。本文指出城市片区地名起到的作用、引发的问题,深入剖析其中原因,并提出建议,为今后地名规划工作和城市生活提供帮助。     

农科类本科生毕业论文规范化管理探析

文章分析了农科类毕业论文的特点和存在的问题,认为要提高毕业论文质量,必须调整毕业论文的时间,提高对毕业论文重要性的认识,加大毕业论文经费的投入,界定指导教师的职责,健全毕业论文工作的监督检查制度。     

从盈余管理角度对独立董事制度有效性的实证分析

文章通过选取上市公司样本,运用均值检验和相关分析等方法从盈余管理角度对我国独立董事制度的有效性进行了实证分析,得出以下结论:独立董事制度的设立对公司盈余管理没有显著影响;独立董事占董事总数的比例与盈余管理之间也没有显著的相关性;自愿设立独立董事的公司与政策规定设立独立董事的公司两者的盈余管理有显著差异,前者的平均值小于后者的平均值。总体上讲我国独立董事制度没能有效监督公司盈余管理行为,其发挥作用还需以公司自身良好素质做平台。     

商业银行利率风险管理技术综述

一、引言(一)现实背景从2000年9月21日起,我国利率市场化改革进入实质性阶段,预计三年内完成。利率市场化是一场系统性的金融革命,必将对经济金融领域的方方面面产生重要影响。商业银行应积极采取措施,应对利率市场化将带来的一系列风险。近几年,我国发行了大量的国债和金融债,