父母教养方式和自我效能感对研究生创造力倾向的影响

采用国际通用的心理学量表对236名研究生进行了父母教养方式、自我效能感和创造力倾向三个方面的研究,并考察了它们之间的相互关系及中介影响作用。结果发现,1）学科因素在父母教养方式各维度上的主效应显著,性别因素在自我效能感和创造力倾向各维度上主效应显著,交互作用都不显著;2）父母亲情感温暖与理解和父母亲偏爱与自我效能感、创造力倾向总分之间存在显著相关,自我效能感与创造力倾向总分及各维度之间呈显著相关;3）自我效能感在父母情感温暖理解、父母偏爱和创造力倾向之间起完全中介作用。     

Resisting your good intentions: substance‐misusing parents and early intervention to support and monitor children in need

Children from substance‐misusing families face elevated risks in growing up well and safe. Early intervention is an opportunity for local authorities to offer support and keep a watching brief on children's welfare. However, the basis upon which agencies voluntarily engage with families in advance of major problems becoming evident is far from straightforward. This qualitative pilot study in Scotland followed professional decision‐making over 6 months (n = 20 professionals) with a small number of families (n = 6) defined as in need of supportive intervention. This support was allied with an intention to monitor the family situation, which, in these data, appeared to affect the willingness of families to engage with services. As services sought to increase their voluntary oversight, sometimes by threatening escalating involvement, so families by various means appeared to resist it. Successful early intervention is reliant on voluntary family participation and thus requires close attention to means of positive and motivated parental engagement to disarm resistance.     

Children's understanding of mental ill health: implications for risk and resilience in relationships

Research shows that having a parent with a mental health problem has associated risks for children, but some families seem very resilient and do not always suffer these difficulties. In order for social workers to be able to support the development of resilience in families who appear to be at risk, we need to understand what factors may ameliorate some of these risks. Research seems to suggest that children who can conceptualize their parent's mental health problem as something 'outside' their representation of that parent as an attachment figure are likely to have better outcomes than children who see the mental-health problem as part of, and embedded within, their representation of that parent. However, in order to develop an understanding of how this conceptualization affects attachment relationships and outcomes, we need to know what children understand by mental ill health. We also need to consider how this conceptualization might be changed, and it appears that parents, other attachment figures and other support figures may play a key role here. This paper provides a selective review of the research area and discusses the mechanisms which may govern this complex process. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and practice.     

German family policy at the crossroads: analysing the impact of parental leave reform through simulation

Comparative studies of welfare reforms encounter two problems. First, the counterfactual problem is that in the real world schemes and their reforms do not coexist simultaneously and are hard to compare. Second, the contextual problem derives from the absence of comparable measures for change. Microsimulation helps to overcome these problems. It compares policy options – actual reforms or reform plans – simultaneously and provides a comparable measure: the disposable income of model families. This article uses a type–case approach to investigate recent reforms of the German parental leave benefit. Simulation makes those reforms comparable over time and across countries. Results show that the profile of the German scheme is changing from 'general family' towards 'dual-earner' support. Furthermore, the recent reforms make the German scheme converge towards the Swedish leave scheme. The recent reforms introduce a new concept of fairness and a focus on gender equality to German family policies.     

Parental Modeling, Attachment, and Supervision as Moderators of Adolescent Gambling

Utilizing Jessor’s Problem Behavior Theory as a theoretical foundation, 116 male and female students in grades 9–12 (mean age 16.8) from a Midwestern urban high school were surveyed to determine the prevalence and relationship among gambling behavior and parental and peer influences. To measure these variables, the following instruments were used: The SOGS-RA, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Parent Scale, and The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Parental Monitoring and Supervision Scale. Almost all of the students (91%) reported gambling at least once in their lifetime while 36.2% reported gambling once a week, 19% reported gambling on a daily basis, and 26% were classified as problem gamblers (10% using the “narrow” SOGS-RA criteria). Parental gambling was related to levels of past year gambling as well as increased likelihood of being classified as a problem gambler. Increased parental attachment was also associated with decreased levels of adolescent gambling, while decreased parental trust and communication resulted in increased problem gambling. Measures of parental monitoring and supervision found similar outcomes in that increased monitoring and supervision resulted in lower levels of adolescent gambling. Additionally, when peer influences were moderated by parental influences, there was a moderating effect on gambling behavior. This study illuminates the continued importance parents play in both risk enhancing and risk inhibiting influences on adolescent participation in problem behaviors.     

日本亲权限制制度的变革动向及对我国

随着经济发展,人们的生活节奏加快压力加大,"独生子女"父母冲动惩罚甚至虐待子女的事件日益增多,攀升的离婚率带来的离婚后子女监护权分配和照顾问题也日益突出.我国未成年子女监护制度的规定不足和操作程序的缺乏,使该问题难以得到根本遏制.日本在未成年人保护上,沿袭传统大陆法系国家做出了行之有效的规定,而且进行过多次改进.本文通过日本亲权限制制度及其变革动向的介绍,结合我国现行制度,指出我国相关立法的改进方向.     

青少年网络成瘾的预防和治疗——基于“父母参与”视角

在预防和治疗青少年网络成瘾方面,相对于学校,父母的参与更能针对性和实效地帮助青少年解决问题。但在实践过程中,父母的参与往往存在两大误区：一是严厉管教,拒绝孩子使用网络;二是对孩子疏于管理,把责任推给他人。正确的方式应该是和孩子一起上网,通过言传身教,营造和谐的家庭教育氛围和成长环境,才能从根本上进行预防和治疗。     

论亲权的私权属性——对权利义务统一说的驳斥

通常认为亲权性质为权利义务的统一体。通说违反了权利和义务范畴的基本关系,直接违背亲权的私权属性。亲权的私权属性是由亲权产生发展的历史和对抗专制政权的现实共同决定。亲权是父母特有的民事权利,客体为父母对后代的自然情感利益。滥用亲权会引起相关公法后果,表现为父母须对国家和社会承担一定责任,责任性质不是民事责任,责任本身也不改变亲权私权属性。     

Teenagers’ Internet Use and Family Rules: A Research Note

The Internet poses challenges to parents who want their children to take advantage of online resources but also want to protect their children from questionable content. Using data from 749 dyads of American parents and their teenage children with Internet access, this study finds that the majority of parents report regulating their teenage children's Internet use, but parents report more monitoring (61%) than teens report (38%). Multivariate regression analyses indicate fathers, younger parents, parents who use the Internet with their children, and parents with younger teens engage in a higher level of parental monitoring. This study provides a first look at parental monitoring of children's Internet use and points to the need to study family rules from both parents’ and children's perspectives.     

城市留守与非留守幼儿亲社会行为调查研究

摘 要：研究采用问卷调查法,收集了来自福建省泉州、福州、厦门三地城市的250名幼儿问卷信息。结果表明：城市留守幼儿亲社会行为水平低于城市非留守幼儿,父母照养情况与幼儿总体的亲社会行为水平之间呈显著负相关关系;不同照养情况下幼儿亲社会行为在年龄上具有显著差异性,3-4岁与4-5岁及4-5岁与5-6岁的幼儿之间具有显著性差异;不同照养情况下幼儿亲社会行为在各具体亲社会行为上差异极为显著,在性别上差异不显著。