On the choice of the mesh for the analysis of geostatistical data using R-INLA

Abstract

Many methods used in spatial statistics are computationally demanding, and so, the development of more computationally efficient methods has received attention. A important development is the integrated nested Laplace approximation method which is carry out Bayesian analysis more efficiently This method, for geostatistical data, is done considering the SPDE approach that requires the creation of a mesh overlying the study area and all the obtained results depend on it. The impact of the mesh on inference and prediction is investigated through simulations. As there is no formal procedure to specify it, we investigate a guideline to create an optimal mesh.     

The partial least squares-fix point method of estimating interdependent systems with latent variables

This paper describes a method for estimating the unknown parameters of an interdependent simultaneous equations model with latent variables. For each latent variable there may be single or multiple indicators. Estimation proceeds in three stages: first, estimates of the latent variables are constructed from the associated manifest indicators; second, treating the estimates as directly observed, fix-point estimates of the structural form parameters are obtained; third, the location parameters are estimated. The method involves only repeated application of ordinary least squares and no distributional assumptions are needed. The paper concludes with an empirical application of the method.     

Local composite partial likelihood estimation for length-biased and right-censored data

Length-biased data, which are often encountered in engineering, economics and epidemiology studies, are generally subject to right censoring caused by the research ending or the follow-up loss. The structure of length-biased data is distinct from conventional survival data, since the independent censoring assumption is often violated due to the biased sampling. In this paper, a proportional hazard model with varying coefficients is considered for the length-biased and right-censored data. A local composite likelihood procedure is put forward for the estimation of unknown coefficient functions in the model, and large sample properties of the proposed estimators are also obtained. Additionally, an extensive simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed method and a data set from the Academy Awards is analyzed.     

Characterizations of asymptotic distributions of continuous-time Pólya processes

Abstract

We propose an elementary but effective approach to studying a general class of Poissonized tenable and balanced urns on two colors. We characterize the asymptotic behavior of the process via a partial differential equation that governs the process, coupled with the method of moments applied in a bootstrapped manner. We show that the limiting distribution of the process underlying the Bagchi-Pal urn is gamma. We also look into the tenable and balanced processes associated with randomized replacement matrix. Similar results carry over to the process, with minor modifications in the methods of proof, done mutatis mutandis.     

成分统制与否定依赖关系的确立

探讨成分统制如何解释否定依赖关系.确立否定依赖关系是如何发挥作用,又如何具体操作,以期能更深入理解该概念的重要性,进而具体地认识生成语法句法.     

Krylov Sequences as a Tool for Analysing Iterated Regression Algorithms

Abstract.  We use Krylov sequences to analyse a class of regression methods based on successive identification of latent factors. Some results already proved for partial least squares regression (PLSR) are shown to hold for other methods also. We prove that the well-known peculiar pattern of alternating shrinkage and inflation of the principal components is not unique for PLSR. We also show that for any method in the class under study, the coefficient of determination is always at least as high as for principal components regression with the same number of factors.     

Partial Linear Models for Longitudinal Data Based on Quadratic Inference Functions

In this paper, we consider improved estimating equations for semiparametric partial linear models (PLM) for longitudinal data, or clustered data in general. We approximate the non‐parametric function in the PLM by a regression spline, and utilize quadratic inference functions (QIF) in the estimating equations to achieve a more efficient estimation of the parametric part in the model, even when the correlation structure is misspecified. Moreover, we construct a test which is an analogue to the likelihood ratio inference function for inferring the parametric component in the model. The proposed methods perform well in simulation studies and real data analysis conducted in this paper.     

Partial group delay and time-lagged relationships among multiple time series

Relationships among the components of a multiple time series are shown to simplify in the frequency domain to elementary, linear time-lagged relationships. The result provides a time-lag interpretation for the partial group delay between two components of a multiple time series.     

ON BECOMING DISABLED AND ARTICULATING ALTERNATIVES

The topic of this article is the ordering of disability. The question is how people become, and are made, disabled. This is linked with a further question about how to investigate and represent differences such as those between ability and disability. How can studies that aim to contribute to opening up and remaking the conditions of possibility for disability avoid reproducing the same differences and distributions of power and agency? Indeed, disability studies have contributed to denaturalizing ability as well as disability. Many of these studies owe much to genealogical approaches focusing on the descent, regulation, and generative power of discourse. But then the problematic inference is drawn that this discourse imposes itself to order how people perceive and think, materializes in bodies and practices, and does so in a coherent manner. The objective in this article is to pursue a different approach that investigates ordering in practice, brings out the existing alternatives and explores the possibilities for articulating these. For this endeavour, the author mobilizes a specific strand of Foucauldian work and reworkings of it in science and technology studies. Drawing on a study of life after road traffic accidents in Norway, this article explores the following: how disability becomes enacted in everyday practices; the character of the modes of ordering that emerge in these practices; how this ordering is achieved; and the nature of the relations and interferences between these ways of becoming disabled. The argument is that in practice people slip and move between multiple modes of ordering that co-exist, are partially related in complex ways, and even folded into each other. Finally, the article considers the relation between openness and multiplicity – and their study – in view of possibilities for articulating alternatives.     

Partial Distributional Policy Effects

In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the effect of a counterfactual change in the unconditional distribution of a single covariate on the unconditional distribution of an outcome variable of interest. Both fixed and infinitesimal changes are considered. We show that such effects are point identified under general conditions if the covariate affected by the counterfactual change is continuously distributed, but are typically only partially identified if its distribution is discrete. For the latter case, we derive informative bounds, making use of the available information. We also discuss estimation and inference.