毛泽东与中国特色社会主义建设道路的开拓

毛泽东是中国特色社会主义建设道路的开拓者,他创造了在政治、经济、意识形态上具有中国特色的社会主义模式,提出了中国特色的社会主义发展思路。他关于中国社会主义建设的理论有独特的内涵,形成了完整的理论体系。研究毛泽东独特的社会主义建设理论具有现实意义。     

开创美国西部文明的拓荒女——评薇拉·凯瑟《啊,拓荒者!》

本文旨在通过女主人公亚力山德拉在开垦西部荒野过程中所扮演的三个角色,即:作为人与自然的中介人、雌雄两性的沟通者和新旧文明的缔结者,来分析拓荒女对美国西部文明所做的贡献。     

伊斯兰教在西北苏非社区复兴说质疑--对宁夏纳家户村的再认识

1991年,美国夏威夷东西方文化研究中心的杜磊博士出版了<中国穆斯林人民共和国的族群民族主义>一书.他在书中对宁夏回族自治区纳家户村的"民族志描述"引起了笔者的关注.这是因为,杜磊正是在对纳家户的"文化写作"中,提出了"伊斯兰教在西北苏非社区复兴"的命题.而笔者以为,杜磊的这一命题是大有商榷余地的.他的"异文化"学者的身份导致了他对纳家户日常生活的误读,他对纳家户的"田野工作"及"文化写作"也存在诸多问题.本文将对这些问题及其产生的原因进行简要分析.     

论视觉人类学的三种观看模式

视觉人类学在其形成发展过程中出现过三种主导性观看模式：第一种是以进化学派为代表的“殖民凝视”模式,它侧重观察,强调“客观”性,但这种观看模式在赋予人类学家至上观看权威的同时,又将作为观察客体的“他者”视同物般的存在,无视观察对象的主体性及差异性;第二种是以功能结构学派马林诺夫斯基为代表的“参与观察法”,它强调“反身”性,重视人类学家与土著居民之间的互动,但如何调和集“参与者”与“观察者”为一身的人类学家自身所固有的矛盾是个难题;第三种是在全球数字化时代兴起的“虚拟”和“共享”的观看模式,它在强调参与和观看的民主性的同时,又导致了人类学家观看主体权威的消解。因此,在不同的观看情境中综合运用不同的观看模式,能有效地缝合观看者与被观看者之间的裂隙。     

Negotiating Theory When Doing Practice: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research on Interventions to Reduce Homophobia

ABSTRACT

We performed a systematic review of qualitative research on interventions to reduce homophobia. Specifically, we conducted a thematic analysis of participant feedback given in 30 qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Participants often described interventions as “eye-opening.” However, they also criticized many interventions for their mismatch with the social, historical, or institutional context in which they were conducted. Some participants rejected the interventions altogether, describing them as offensive or disgusting. We drew three conclusions. First, participants not only were actively making sense of the interventions but also were often aware of philosophical and political tensions (especially liberal vs. queer approaches). Second, participants sometimes used the perceived inadequacy of the intervention for the local context as an argument to resist change. Finally, tensions in participant feedback (eye-opening vs. disgusting) can be read as evidence that reducing homophobia is “dirty work”: such work is both vital for society and despised by many.     

福建省厦门市创业者乐群性调查分析

采用本土化的卡特尔16种人格因素量表问卷对福建省厦门市创业者、非创业者的人格因子进行数据分析，结果表明：未接受高等教育的创业者在乐群性上与其他人群有显著不同，而将接受过高等教育的创业者与非创业者进行比较却未发现在乐群性上有显著差异。由此提出，乐群性是创业者特有的人格因子之一，建议在高等教育的创业教育中引入包含人际沟通与交往的素质训练，为未接受过高等教育的创业者提供技术培训与继续教育并为女性创业者营造更宽松的舆论环境。     

Methodological challenges of conducting ‘insider’ reflexive research with the miscarriages of justice community

There is an increasing body of literature which examines the personal experiences of social science practitioners who become reflexive researchers. Less, however, has been written on researchers who reflexively investigate once traumatising locations and experiences. This paper problematises the psychological and methodological challenges experienced by a social scientist and ‘survivor’ of wrongful conviction conducting reflexive research where the participants and researcher have a shared (hi)story of wrongful conviction and trauma. A particular consequence of conducting the study was that friendship groups were developed between researcher and participants. The paper will examine this phenomenon and conclude that reflexive ‘insider’ approaches that spawn friendship groups can provide rich data providing the challenges of such research are acknowledged and appropriate strategies employed to safeguard the integrity of the research. The paper similarly concludes that measures should be adopted to protect the psychological equilibrium of the ‘insider’ researcher to avoid possible re-traumatisation.     

Translation of words and concepts in social policy

This paper describes how optimal matching or sequence analysis can be used to empirically evaluate the use of ideal typologies to describe the lifecourse. In our illustration, the lives of over 250 individuals, originally members of the Boyd Orr study as children in the 1930s, now in early old age (aged 65–75 years) have been reconstructed using sequence data derived from life grid interviews. Individuals are allocated to various ideal types for three distinct pathways or trajectories describing a person’s labour market, relationship and housing histories. Finally, these allocations are examined in relation to an individual’s self‐reported quality of life (QoL) in an attempt to explore the extent to which the experience of structurally advantaged or disadvantaged states are related to a good QoL in later life. Our findings suggest that individuals assigned to structurally advantaged statuses, in each of the trajectories, generally experience higher levels of QoL compared to those assigned to structurally disadvantaged positions. In particular, the single best predictor of high levels of self‐reported QoL is for those who became owner–occupiers late in life (typically council property purchasers). This suggests that the experience of stability during earlier parts of the lifecourse can provide opportunities within a de‐institutionalised lifecourse that we are witnessing at the beginning of the 21st century. The results suggest that the contemporary circumstances of older people are more important for their QoL. Yet, these circumstances are, in part, conditioned by their lifecourse.     

Snowball sampling: a cautionary tale involving a study of older drug users

Snowball sampling is generally seen as a highly effective sampling technique that allows for the study of difficult to reach or ‘hidden’ populations. It is also seen as a valuable tool for the study of particularly sensitive or private matters. As a result, it was chosen as the sampling method for a research study into illegal drug users over the age of 40 who are not in contact with the criminal justice authorities or treatment agencies regarding their use. However, there proved to be great difficulty in locating and interviewing potential participants using snowball sampling. Four reasons for this are proposed, and it is suggested that snowball sampling is prone to failure in particular circumstances. Thus, caution should be exercised when considering its adoption as a sample-building technique.     

从《人民文学》看“先锋小说”的政治性

1987年《人民文学》和《收获》集束刊登了先锋小说,这预示着先锋小说在当代大陆文学中有了一席之地。从梳理和分析《人民文学》的刊登动机入手,揭示20世纪80年代先锋小说的意识形态性：它们是作为“多元化”的“一元”被纳入的,同时也是当时知识分子地位的象征。