从村民自治中透视转型期中国农村的公民权建设——以定县村民自治的权利调查为基础

本文采用在定县农村进行问卷调查取得实证资料的基础上,通过定量分析与定性分析相结合的方式,从法社会学的视角对村民自治中农村公民应然权利与实然权利之间的落差及对中国农村的公民权建设的剖析,揭示中国农村公民权的现状与存在的一些问题及其对中国未来发展的影响,探索中国未来农村公民权建设的模式与方案。     

I'm Not for Sale: Teaching About Human Trafficking

Even though slavery is illegal in all countries, it is still practiced in the form of human trafficking. In fact, there are about twenty-five million men, women, and children who are victims of human trafficking, a 150-billion-dollar industry that affects every country across the globe. Modern communications, such as the Internet and cell phones, exacerbate the problem of human trafficking and law enforcement faces enormous challenges in detecting, arresting, and prosecuting human traffickers. Victims, fifty percent of whom are children, are sold into prostitution, forced marriages, and forced labor in sweatshops, agriculture, and mining. Additionally, some victims are forced into armed conflicts as children; others are killed and their organs are harvested and sold on the black market. It is estimated that 50,000 victims are brought into the United States annually. Human trafficking is a moral outrage, as well as a violation of American and international law. Social studies education must teach about this egregious human rights violation and encourage students to become involved in stopping this modern-day slavery. By incorporating lessons into their curricula, all teachers can help produce young citizens dedicated to protecting human rights for all people.     

Deliberative democracy in the real world,the contribution of the capability approach

ABSTRACT

Drawing on Amartya Sen’s writings, this article presents the capability approach to democracy and shows its relevance for the sociological reflection and research on democratic processes conceived as ways to convert individual preferences into collective norms or decisions. Two moments are key in this respect: the formation of individual preferences and their translation into collective norms in the course of public debates. The initial sections present Sen’s conception of democracy, particularly emphasizing its articulation with the notions of ‘positional objectivity’ and ‘conversion’. Then, this conception is compared with two other mechanisms that may be used to coordinate individual decisions or preferences, namely the market and idealistic views on deliberative democracy. The article emphasizes how the capability approach departs from these two conceptions with regard to the two key concepts of capacity to aspire and capability for voice. The final section shows how Sen’s notion of democracy may open up a new field for research, namely the sociological investigation of the informational (or knowledge) basis of democracy.     

留美幼童与近代中国政治

留美幼童是近代中国第一批留学的群体。他们在近代中国的历史舞台上扮演着重要的角色．特别是在归国以后的岁月里,他们对近代中国政治的贡献比较明显,其表现为：第一,引进近代风气,冲击官僚旧习;第二,维护铁路主权,引爆革命高潮;第三,投身革命实践,促进民主进程。     

论当代社会民主意识的建构

民主建设的重点,除了制度建设外,还应有主体的培养。民主主体培养的关键,在于民主意识的建构。在当前来说,民主意识培养主要应包括自由意识、平等意识、自主意识、权利意识、责任意识和义务意识等方面。其中,自由和平等是民主社会的共同基础;自主和权利是民主社会的核心内容;责任和义务则是民主社会的基本保障。这六种意识既是民主社会共同的意识基础,同时也为我国国民所普遍缺失,其培养因而也应成为民主建设必须关注的重点。它们的挺立,将极大地推动我国民主建设的进程。     

地方立法听证探析

立法听证是一种重要的民主立法形式.我国把立法听证纳入地方立法程序,于促进我国的民主化进程具有非常重要的意义.但由于地方立法听证制度在我国实践的时间短,存在着许多不足.这就严重影响了我国地方立法听证的发展,进而影响着地方立法的民主化.针对其存在的问题,本文提出了相关制度建议.     

论新时期网络参政与中国民主政治发展

新时期网络参政对中国民主政治发展促进作用将更加明显,是有中国特色民主政治发展的重要内容之一。网络参政的作用已经引起了党和国家领导人的重视,地方党和政府的负责人也逐渐注意到网络参政的实际意义,其作用主要体现在：促进参与式民主的发展;促进传统集权等级制权力结构的转换;促进社会平等;促进政治、政府公开的发展;促进选民与人大代表的沟通;促进公民政治社会化的加强。网络参政还是把双刃剑,应该加强规范和管理。     

司法的独立与民主:价值整合和制度架构

司法独立追求法律职业主义和司法规则模型,司法民主注重民众参与和意志表达,法治实践中两者存在紧张关系.应结合后现代社会关系性质和秩序状况,按照法律商谈论理路对司法独立和民主两种实现社会主体权利和自由的方法进行价值整合,确立法官社会化、司法论坛化、司法能动化、解纷机制多元化等制度架构方向.     

农民工有序政治参与的现实意义及路径选择

扩大农民工有序政治参与,是促进城乡社会稳定和谐、推动基层民主发展、加快依法治国进程、解决三农问题和推动城市化进程的需要。从本质上讲,农民工的政治参与问题也是人的发展问题。解决农民工的政治参与问题,应从制度建设和人的发展角度入手,其中最重要的是建立健全农民工社会融入的相关制度,改革和拓宽农民工政治参与的渠道。此外,也要倡导平等观念,加强农民工的素质培训和制定向农民工倾斜的扶持政策,为农民工有序政治参与扫清障碍,搭建平台。     

解读十七大党章对党内民主制度建设的三大创新

党的十七大党章在以下三个方面推进了党内民主制度建设的创新：第一,提出“党的各级代表大会代表实行任期制”;第二,提出“党的中央和省、自治区、直辖市委员会实行巡视制度”;第三,提出实行“中央政治局向中央委员会全体会议报告工作,接受监督”和“党的地方各级委员会的常务委员会定期向委员会全体会议报告工作,接受监督”的党委报告制。