中国共产党必须在宪法和法律的范围内活动的思考

作为执政党的中国共产党必须在宪法和法律的范围内活动,是我国政治体制改革中的重要问题。正确认识和把握中国共产党执政地位同宪法和法律权威的关系,是党在宪法和法律的范围内活动的前提条件。中国共产党确保国家机关、民主党派、人民团体、企业事业单位等依法独立行使职权和管理内部事务,是党在宪法和法律的范围内活动的核心问题。中国共产党以党章为基础,坚持“党要管党”和“从严治党”,是党在宪法和法律的范围内活动的内在要求。     

俄罗斯政坛出现三大趋势

最近,俄罗斯政坛出现三大趋势,一是强化国家政权,实行总统集权;二是改变政党格局,形成一党为主;三是规范民主生活,走向"可控民主".目前,普京总统集权的局面已经形成,令西方国家为之担忧.但这种情况符合俄罗斯的历史传统,符合俄重振大国地位的现实需要.由于时代条件已截然不同,俄罗斯不会再回到苏联时期和沙皇时期,普京的"集权"模式也不可能变成"极权"模式.     

Authenticity: Meanings,targets, audiences and third parties

Research shows that perceived authenticity conveys value in many disparate domains. The analytical attention of this research focuses on producers of products and services, identifying which actions and structures the typical individual associates with authenticity. Far less is known about how individuals and audiences differ in their interest, receptiveness and response to potentially authentic entities and services. Even less is known about how regulators, certifiers, critics and other third parties play a role in the social construction of authenticity. Yet the perception and valuation of a product or service as authentic rests largely with heterogeneous audiences and interpretive third parties. Accordingly, in this chapter, we review and develop theory and empirical research about how targeted entities (producers, persons, products, services), audiences and third parties combine to produce authenticity. For targets, we examine the range of actions and structures of various entities that have been empirically associated with authenticity. For audiences, we explore variations in interests in authenticity based on domain engagement, cosmopolitanism, and cross-cultural differences. For third parties, we consider the roles of other audience members, certifiers and regulators. Finally, we conceptualize a co-evolutionary process whereby targets, audiences and third parties combine to generate social pockets where authenticity is recognized and highly valued.     

‘Some have ideologies,we have values’: the relationship between organizational values and commitment in a political party

ABSTRACT

This paper seeks to advance the study of organizational values by analyzing the role of values in a Danish political party called The Alternative, a party claiming to be guided by values rather than ideology. Inspired by recent work in organizational psychology, I group The Alternative’s values into two categories: vision values and humanity values. Through an empirical investigation, I show how the vision values encourage members to take initiative in realizing their own political ideas, while the humanity values encourage them to remain morally inclusive towards people with different views. The combination of vision and humanity values allows The Alternative to maintain commitment from members who might otherwise feel marginalized by the emergence of dominant ideas within the party. The paper’s contribution consists in highlighting the importance of using qualitative methods to study how values influence commitment and to expose the political dimension of this relationship.     

Does party support help candidates win?

The parties’ congressional campaign committees have made it their business to strategically provide contributions to candidate campaigns in order to help their candidates win. However, the effectiveness of these contributions in terms of increasing the competitiveness of party-sponsored candidates remains untested. Using contribution data from the U.S. Federal Election Commission in a series of mixed effects models as well as a matching analysis, the receipt of direct party contributions and coordinated support is shown to significantly improve the competitive position of challengers but not open seat candidates in races for the House. Further, independent expenditures by the parties do not significantly increase candidates’ competitiveness. The implications of these results for future party strategies are explored.     

论民主党派在新中国成立时期的重要作用

新中国的成立,除中国共产党的正确领导、人民力量的壮大、人民解放军的英勇善战等决定因素外,与民主党派政治上积极支持和响应中共的方针、号召,军事上开展各种活动积极配合中共的武装斗争,广泛宣传中共的政策、为新中国的诞生创造条件分不开。为了新中国的成立,各民主党派都做出了极大的贡献,发挥了重要作用。     

论李清照爱国思想的成因

李清照诗词中的爱国主义思想一直为社会所肯定,至于其成因却鲜见问津者。从其人生经历及诗歌表现中可以看到,儒学思想影响下的政治使命感、党争影响、国破家亡的身世际遇、精神家园的破灭、叛逆意识等五个方面促成了李清照的爱国思想。     

亚轨道旅游合同领域当事人意思自治的适用

亚轨道旅游合同作为新出现的合同种类,对应的法律适用原则需要满足该合同的特点所提出的具体法律适用要求,当事人意思自治在此方面具有明显优势。受到该合同特点的影响,需要对当事人意思自治做出限制的情况无法避免。在亚轨道旅游合同领域,对当事人意思自治做出的限制应当是为确保其适用效果而做出的,其属于意思自治原则的自我调节功能。这种限制不应扩张到对当事人的选法对象做出具体限制的领域。     

走向动态:民事诉讼当事人的具体化义务

民诉当事人的具体化义务是指当事人应当就其主张进行详细表明,其主体是当事人及其代理人以及第三人,客体是当事人的事实陈述。应负主张责任一方当事人的具体化义务的程度应依保障辩论主义实现的目的而定,而相对方的具体化义务程度主要根据应负主张责任一方主张的具体化程度确定。具体化义务可能因为证明责任减轻或事案解明义务得以减轻。具体化义务与修正辩论主义下的真实义务、诉讼促进义务、法官的阐明义务以及权利保障均有密切关联。我国民诉立法关于当事人主张或抗辩的规定不仅粗疏,而且存在重实体轻程序、违反诉讼认识过程性的缺陷。为此,法官应当灵活运用法解释论,并妥适行使阐明权,敦促当事人及时提出主张。     

Party activism: the permeability of the asylum protest arena in Austria

ABSTRACT

This article contributes to the growing field of studies on party–protest linkages that highlight the dynamic nature, complementarity and fuzziness of the parliamentary arena and protest arena. Taking the policy field of asylum, it investigates, first, the conditions for the permeability of the protest arena for party activism and, second, the ways in which party activism shapes and transforms the protest arena. The empirical observations refer to Austria, which has a political framework with highly politicized immigration, strong political parties and a weak protest culture. Methodologically, the paper combines a protest event analysis with two in–depth case studies on protests. The authors argue that the openness of the asylum protest arena for parties is characterized by modest protest demands, and depends on the dominant political position as well as the decision making structure regarding the protest issue. The article demonstrates that pro-asylum protests are less open to political parties than anti-asylum protests, which are in tune with the dominant political position on asylum in Austria. The findings also show that anti–asylum protests are not only more likely to attract the involvement of political parties, but also tend to become instrumentalized for party–competitive ends. Pro–asylum protests, in contrast, keep their substantive, grievance–focused orientation even when political parties step in.