Determination of Less-Than-Lifetime Exposures to Point Source Emissions

This paper presents a method of estimating long-term exposures to point source emissions. The method consists of a Monte Carlo exposure model (PSEM or Point Source Exposure Model) that combines data on population mobility and mortality with information on daily activity patterns. The approach behind the model can be applied to a wide variety of exposure scenarios. In this paper, PSEM is used to characterize the range and distribution of lifetime equivalent doses received by inhalation of air contaminated by the emissions of a point source. The output of the model provides quantitative information on the dose, age, and gender of highly exposed individuals. The model is then used in an example risk assessment. Finally, future uses of the model's approach are discussed.     

Binary-image restoration

We consider the problem of binary-image restoration. The image being restored is not random, and we make no assumption about the nature of its contents. The estimate of the colour at each site is a fixed (the same for all sites) function of the data available in a neighbourhood of that site. Under this restriction, the estimate minimizing the overall mean squared error of prediction is the conditional expectation of the true colour given the observations in the neighbourhood of a site. The computation of this conditional expectation leads to the formal definition of the local characteristics of an image, namely, the frequency with which each pattern appears in the true unobserved image. When the “true” distribution of the patterns is unknown, it can be estimated from the records. The conditional expectation described above can then be evaluated using the estimated distribution of the patterns, and this procedure leads to a very natural estimate of the colour at each site. We propose two unbiased and consistent estimates for the distribution of patterns when the noise is a Gaussian white noise. Since the size of realistic images is very large, the estimated pattern distribution is usually close to the true one. This suggests that the estimated conditional expectation can be expected to be nearly optimal. An interesting feature of the proposed restoration methods is that they do not require prior knowledge of the local or global properties of the true underlying image. Several examples based on synthetic images show that the new methods perform fairly well for a variety of images with different degrees of colour continuity or textures.     

海报设计中蒙古族民俗图案的应用

蒙古族民俗图案是蒙古族民俗艺术的一个分支,是蒙古族人民在长期的生活实践中积淀和传承下来的民间图样。它具有各类文化的兼收并蓄以及宗教艺术符号的特征。图案大致可分为自然纹样、吉祥纹样和几何纹样三种。在海报设计中蒙古族民俗图案的整合运用,主要侧重蒙古族民俗图案的提炼、创意、更新以及个性化。     

国家治理现代化:理论诠释与实践路径

国家治理现代化是一项系统而复杂的工程。为了推进国家治理现代化这项工程建设的进程,一个重要前提就是做好国家治理现代化理论的诠释。只有系统地诠释国家治理现代化理论之后,国家治理现代化建设才有了正确的方向。其中,推进国家治理体系的现代化、推进国家治理能力的现代化与推进国家治理方式的现代化是国家治理现代化的三维实践路径。     

大学英语测试中的问题及改进建议

鉴于目前我国大学英语测试的现状 ,文章从测试的制度、效度、题型等方面提出批评意见和改进建议     

隐喻指称及其语用功能

隐喻指称是一种特殊的指称照应方式。以汉语中的隐喻指称为例,对隐喻指称的分类、构式和语用功能进行了探讨。研究显示：作为喻体的指称形式既可用于回指,也可用于下指;根据喻体和本体的相似程度,隐喻指称又可分为常规隐喻指称和新鲜隐喻指称,前者的使用频率远高于后者。隐喻指称的主要构式有P+NP、NP+NP、S(s)+NP、NP+P和NP+S(s),其核心功能是表达生动精炼,也具有增补信息、评价和委婉功能。     

Patterns of individual change and program satisfaction in a positive parenting program for parents at psychosocial risk

Despite the evidence of effectiveness of positive parenting programs, little is known about the typology of changes that parents at psychosocial risk undergo after an intervention. We compared individual patterns of change in three parenting outcomes in 256 at risk parents with young children attending the group‐based Growing Up Happily in the Family program delivered in municipal social services. We identified four clusters of individual change: Cluster 1 (30.6%) had negative changes in parental child‐rearing attitudes and parenting stress, Cluster 2 (27.7%) had positive changes in child‐rearing attitudes and negative results in parental perceived competence, and Cluster 3 (24.1%) and Cluster 4 (17.6%) showed overall better results. Residential area, type of social support, and quality of implementation characterized cluster membership. Participants in clusters with better results were more satisfied with the program than those with worse results. Practical recommendations are provided for the successful implementation of group parenting programs in family preservation services.     

目的论的谱系及其历史意义：从古希腊到康德

目的论是西方哲学中的一个核心问题,它与形而上学有着内在亲缘关系,目的论在某种意义上与形而上学是合一的。鉴于国内学界对目的论一度忽略的事实,本文力图对目的论的含义进行具体析分,将目的论的历史概括为三种形态,即古希腊的自然目的论、中世纪的神学目的论和康德的目的论,同时指出三种目的论之间的区别和联系。     

Linking dichotomous segregation with multi-group segregation: Weighted segregation ratios in selected U.S. metropolitan areas

The U.S. residential landscape is increasingly multi-racial and multi-ethnic, giving rise to the question of how to compare dichotomous segregation among multiple groups living in the same area. To address the problem in the existing dichotomous approach, which offers no common basis for comparing dichotomous segregation among multiple groups, this paper develops a weighted segregation ratio approach based on Theil’s segregation index and its additive decomposability. This approach can be used to bridge information obtained from dichotomous segregation between specific groups (such as black-white and black-Hispanic), and dichotomous segregation between group and non-group (such as white-non-white and black-non-black) in previous studies. We apply both dichotomous and weighted segregation ratio approaches to 1990 and 2000 U.S. census data. Results are interpreted for five selected metropolitan areas as well as for the weighted national average. This new approach yields distinctive findings that portray the complicated process of residential segregation, including the increasing significance of Hispanic segregation and Asian segregation in the decade from 1990 to 2000.     

高校教学实验设备投入与使用共享模式问题研究

通过高校教学实验设备购置和使用情况的研究,分析高校教学实验设备购置、使用中存在的问题。针对这些问题,提出了提高高校教学实验设备投资和使用效益的对策,重点提出了实现高校教学实验设备共享模式的构想。[关键词]高等学校;教学设备;共享模式