The Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Methodological Artefact?

A number of recent publications claims to have demonstrated that the pattern of environmental pollution in growing economies follows an inverted parabolic curve, called the environmental Kuznets curve. It is suggested that the Kuznets curve is a logical consequence of the kind of measurement but with little meaning for future, efficiency based environmental policies. Environmental Space as an measure of environmental pressures is introduced, accounting for the total use of energy, materials and land. Based on this, the trends in overall resource consumption are described. No indication of an environmental Kuznets curve can be found for the total resource throughput in several countries.     

中国传统图形创意对现代标志设计的启示

中国的传统图形艺术博大精深、源远流长,其艺术语言根据不同朝代、不同民族、不同时期的演变和发展而风格迥异、别具特色,形成了诸多极具代表性和象征性的典型图案,为标志设计提供了丰富的设计元素.文章从传统图形与现代标志在创作过程中的相似性的角度出发,归纳出单纯与简化、同构与共生、联想与想象、平面与秩序、吉祥与象征等五条规律,力图为标志设计提供新的思路,寻求美的法则,探求创新的灵感.     

史前时期新疆的环境与考古学研究

史前时期人类与自然环境的关系相当复杂 ,既对立又统一 ,这一点在新疆尤显明显。本文将自然环境与考古学相结合 ,揭示了新疆史前时期自然环境与人类互动关系的内涵和模式。     

Probability Distributions for Showering and Bathing Water-Use Behavior for Various U.S. Subpopulations

It has been shown that bathroom-type water uses dominate personal exposure to water-borne contaminants in the home. Therefore, in assessing exposure of specific population groups to the contaminants in the water, understanding population water-use behavior for bathroom activities as a function of demographic characteristics is vital to realistic exposure estimates. In this article, shower and bath frequencies and durations are analyzed, presented, and compared for various demographic groups derived from analyses of the National Human Activities Pattern Survey (NHAPS) database and the Residential End Uses of Water Study (REUWS) database as well as from a review of current literature. Analysis showed that age and level of education significantly influenced shower and bath frequency and duration. The frequency of showering and bathing reported in NHAPS agreed reasonably well with previous studies; however, durations of these events were found to be significantly longer. Showering frequency reported in REUWS was slightly less than that reported for NHAPS; however, durations of showers reported in REUWS are consistent with other studies. After considering the strengths and weaknesses of each data set and comparing their results to previous studies, it is concluded that NHAPS provides more reliable frequency data, while REUWS provides more reliable duration data. The shower- and bath-use behavior parameters recommended in this article can aid modelers in appropriately specifying water-use behavior as a function of demographic group in order to conduct reasonable assessments of exposure to contaminants that enter the home via the water supply.     

乡愁主题诗歌的几种表现模式

古今乡愁主题诗歌在持久、大量的写作过程中,形成了一些沿续使用的表现模式,本文将其归纳为登高思乡思亲等六种,并对这六种模式进行了具体分析。     

高校思想政治理论课实践教学模式探析

加强和改进实践教学环节是增强高校思想政治理论课教学的实效性,改进理论教学的有效途径。在总结我校实践教学经验教训,深入分析实践教学环节的地位和作用基础上,探索了一套实践教学实施模式。     

资源型城市城镇化战略探讨——大同市推进城镇化战略初探

现代城市是一个集物资、经济、生态等于一体的有机综合体。而资源型城市与一般城市有着明显的不同。本文从资源型城市的特征谈起 ,选取大同市作为典型代表 ,通过一系列指标 ,分析了制约城市发展的若干问题 ,从而提出了实施城镇化发展的战略模式和主要措施。     

中国特色人力资源当期实现价值计量模式的构建

本文首先提出了中国特色人力资源当期实现价值计量模式的基本假设,然后以此构建了中国特色人力资源当期实现价值计量模式,含群体、个体当期和未来四种基本模式,从而为我国人力资源的研究开辟了新的途径。     

An island biogeographical approach to the analysis of butterfly community patterns in newly designed parks

We analyzed the butterfly communities in the newly designed city parks (area C), “newly opened habitat islands”, of Tsukuba City, central Japan. The area constituted a natural ecological experiment on the mainland for clarifying the pattern and process of faunal immigration. We compared butterfly communities in area C with those in two other areas in the light of the theory of island biogeography and the concept of generalist/specialist. Our results showed the following: (1) Fewer species were found in area C than in other areas, due largely to the absence of many specialist types, restricted and habitat specialists, and/or low density species in the area. Generalist types, widespread and habitat generalists, and/or high density species predominated in area C. (2) The difference in the species numbers among the three sections within area C could be explained by the habitat structure in and around the respective sections. (3) The densities of many species were low in area C, probably due to its man-modified habitat structure. In particular, several species occurred at extremely low densities in area C, but at high densities in other areas. (4) The internal structure of the habitat island butterfly community in area C was almost perfectly consistent with that of “quasi-equilibrium” communities that appear during the colonization of an island. Our results demonstrate that the synergetic application of the generalist/specialist concept and the island biogeography theory is effective for the understanding of the patterns and structures of habitat island communities.     

试析当代思想解放运动的特点

本文试着从当代思想解放运动的文化变式、倡导者以及历史进程特点的角度切入,来展示这 场运动的两面性：即在评价它的历史性贡献的同时,也指出它的缺憾。