“…and they are really lying”: Clean evidence on the pervasiveness of cheating in professional contexts from a field experiment

We investigate the pervasiveness of lying in professional contexts such as insurance fraud, tax evasion and untrue job applications. We argue that lying in professional contexts share three characterizing features: (1) the gain from the dishonest behavior is uncertain, (2) the harm that lying may cause to the other party is only indirect and (3) lies are more indirect lies by action or written statements. Conducted as a field experiment with a heterogenous group of participants during a University “Open House Day”, our “gumball-machine-experiment” provides field evidence on how preferences for lying are shaped in situations typically found in professional contexts which we consider to be particularly prone to lying behavior compared to other contexts. As a key innovation, our experimental design allows measuring exact levels of cheating behavior under anonymous conditions. We find clean evidence that cheating is prevalent across all sub groups and that more than 32% of the population cheats for their own gain. However, an analysis of the cheating rates with respect to highest educational degree and professional status reveals that students cheat more than non-students. This finding warrants a careful interpretation of generalizing laboratory findings with student subjects about the prevalence of cheating in the population.     

我国移动支付的运营模式、风险与风险监管研究

随着互联网和电子商务的不断发展和普及,移动支付作为一种新兴的支付方式,具有方便、快捷、高效等优点,能任何时间、任何地点为用户提供较为安全有力的支付媒介。移动支付为今后电子支付的发展开辟了新方向,世界各国对此展开的研究方兴未艾。移动支付与互联网金融紧密相连,移动支付与第三方支付更是互联网金融的核心。现以我国移动支付为研究对象,分析我国移动支付的发展现状,阐述了移动支付的运营模式,最后揭示移动支付模式下的消费者面临的信息技术风险、操作风险、信用风险等风险肇因,并为我国移动支付产业的发展给出风险监管建议。     

跨境电子商务合同履行流程研究

“互联网+外贸”促进了跨境电子商务的蓬勃发展。而跨境电子商务贸易中最重要的环节为合同履行的过程,它是指在跨境电子商务合同商订后,买卖双方需要做的以使整个交易顺利完成的所有工作,其具体流程主要包括买方付款、卖方发货、报检进仓、平台报关和物流配送及信息跟踪。但目前由于我国的跨境电子商务刚刚起步,政策监管体系还不完善,政策支持还未到位,合同履行中第三方支付、物流、检验检疫以及报关纳税等流程都存在诸多问题。因此,针对这些具体问题,需要在现有交易支付平台上建立健全用户核对系统,确保交易安全,还要构建跨境电子商务风险监控和质量追溯体系,并创新海关监管模式,完善申报制度,并尽快建立一套完善的物流整体解决方案来实现物流、海关和商检等环节的快速衔接,进而促进我国跨境电子商务的快速健康发展。     

To live an ordinary life: resource needs and additional costs for people with a physical impairment

Disabled people face increased risks of living in poverty largely due to lower incomes and extra resource requirements compared to non-disabled people. This study incorporated the social model of disability with an economic approach to costing to estimate the additional costs required by people with a physical impairment to achieve an adequate standard of living in New Zealand. Budgets estimating the additional equipment, modifications, transport, support and time required to achieve an adequate standard of living were developed and validated through focus groups with community members. The findings suggest that reducing barriers involves substantial costs ranging from NZ$645–$2,348 per week.     

Priority Rules for Multi‐Task Due‐Date Scheduling under Varying Processing Costs

We study the scheduling of multiple tasks under varying processing costs and derive a priority rule for optimal scheduling policies. Each task has a due date, and a non‐completion penalty cost is incurred if the task is not completely processed before its due date. We assume that the task arrival process is stochastic and the processing rate is capacitated. Our work is motivated by both traditional and emerging application domains, such as construction industry and freelance consulting industry. We establish the optimality of Shorter Slack time and Longer remaining Processing time (SSLP) principle that determines the priority among active tasks. Based on the derived structural properties, we also propose an effective cost‐balancing heuristic policy and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed policy through extensive numerical experiments. We believe our results provide operators/managers valuable insights on how to devise effective service scheduling policies under varying costs.     

失业保险金给付博弈分析及其优化设计

我国现行失业保险制度运行中存在失业保险金的给付两难,给付双方是一种博弈关系。通过构建政府与失业人员的失业保险金给付静态博弈和完全而不完美信息动态博弈并进行解析,需要从缩短失业保险金的给付期限、充分发挥失业保险金的促进就业功能等方面对现行失业保险制度进行优化设计。     

我国竞技体育职业化改革成本的经济学分析

在竞技体育职业化发展过程中,成本和效益是必须考虑的因素,但竞技水平和比赛的观赏性决定了职业体育与市场经济的关系,从经济学角度对我国竞技体育职业化的改革成本进行了分析与评价,阐述了几种具有我国特色的职业体育发展模式的优缺点,为我国竞技体育职业化向科学、系统、规范的方向发展提供了新思路。     

直接诉权立法的法国经验与启示

直接诉权是颇具法国法特色的概念,它在理论上有多种类型,具有开放性。法国合同法改革中,一个重要而具有争议的问题是,能否统一整合直接诉权规则。《司法部草案》没有触及这个问题,《泰雷草案》非常谨慎地仅规定了最为重要的、立法者承认的“支付直接诉权”,《卡特拉草案》试图对多种直接诉权设立一般规范。直接诉权,作为突破合同相对性的制度,有保护债权人的重要功能,因此法国的立法经验对比较法学而言具有重要的研究价值。     

“二倍工资”法律条款适用问题分析

＂二倍工资＂的相关法律条款是我国劳动合同法领域首创的法律制度,这一系列条款充分表明了我国始终坚持对劳动合同书面形式的强制,也体现出最大限度保护劳动者合法权益的立法目的。从2008年《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》出台实施至今,＂二倍工资＂的法律条款从未经过修改,对于它的争议也从未停止,各地区对于它的适用问题也存在很大分歧。为了使＂二倍工资＂的法律条款得到更好的实行,使这些存在分歧的问题能在日后出台的相关规范性文件中得以明确,就要从相关条款的法律性质、支付标准和时间节点等方面就＂二倍工资＂的适用问题进行分析,这样才能解决司法实践中适用标准不统一的问题,才能使这一系列有明确立法目的的法律条款得到更有效的实施,从而更好地保护广大劳动者的合法权益。     

论产品质量法上的瑕疵给付责任

我国《产品质量法》第40条的规定在性质上应为瑕疵给付责任,属于债务不履行的一种表现形态;瑕疵给付责任的效力在我国立法上表现为补正措施、合同解除(退货)和损害赔偿,与大陆法系、英美法系国家相比,缺少价金减额请求权的规定,不利于消费者利益的维护;基于交易便捷的考虑,在瑕疵给付责任的实现上应该突破合同相对性原则,其权利主体不应局限于真正购买产品的消费者,义务主体以销售者为主导,承担一种较为严格的责任,生产者则承担类似于一般保证的补充责任。