近十年来国外儿童同伴关系与社会技能研究进展

近十年来国外关于儿童同伴关系和社会技能发展的实证研究进一步扩展。一方面经典研究进一步深入 ,旨在探明影响儿童同伴关系和社会技能的行为因素、认知因素以及家庭因素 ,另一方面新的研究开始重视交往经验对儿童发展与适应的影响 ,以及儿童同伴关系、社会技能在生理、情感、性别和文化上的差异。这些新进展有望使该领域研究在生物—心理—社会的理论框架下获得更大的整合     

研究生英语写作中的同伴反馈

针对英语写作中同伴反馈的现状———重语言轻内容,采取实验、问卷调查和课堂观察相结合的 方法,研究在对学生进行一定的培训之后,能否提高同伴反馈的质量和数量,同时分析学生在自我 修改的过程中所采取的多样化的策略。结果表明培训之后学生能够在内容上给出较多的反馈,学 生的自我修改在培训前后没有很大的变化,都集中在内容的修改。     

教育学术共同体建设中的同行评议制度

教育研究的不利处境有理论上的原因也有实践上的原因,在各国有共性的原因也有特殊的原因。同行评议制度是学术界的一项基本制度,为各学科的质量标准提供了保障,关系到各学科学术共同体的建设。我国教育学科目前的同行评议制度存在一些突出的问题,损害了这一学科的质量标准,阻碍了学术水平的提升。同行评议制度的完善,有利于教育研究境遇的改善和教育学术共同体的建设。     

同伴关系对大班寄宿幼儿自我控制能力的影响 ——基于山东省寿光市六所寄宿幼儿园的调查研究

为探讨大班寄宿幼儿同伴关系与自我控制能力的关系,以山东省寿光市四所寄宿幼儿园和两所非寄宿幼儿园共298 名大班幼儿作为研究对象进行问卷调查。研究结果表明：寄宿幼儿与非寄宿幼儿在同伴关系、自我控制能力上不存在显著差 异。男寄宿幼儿在同伴拒绝上的得分显著高于女寄宿幼儿,男女寄宿幼儿在同伴接纳上不存在显著差异。男寄宿幼儿在自觉 性、坚持性、自制力和自我控制能力上的得分显著低于女寄宿幼儿。寄宿幼儿的同伴接纳与自我控制能力及分维度之间存在 非常显著的高度正相关。寄宿幼儿的同伴拒绝与自我控制能力及分维度之间存在非常显著的高度负相关。同伴接纳能够显 著正向预测大班寄宿幼儿自我控制能力。同伴拒绝能够显著负向预测大班寄宿幼儿自我控制能力。     

幼儿同伴冲突中教师介入行为存在的问题与原因分析 ——以泰安市某幼儿园为例

幼儿同伴冲突的合理解决可以促进幼儿的社会性发展。教师的介入行为在很大程度上影响着幼儿同伴冲突的解决质量。笔者在对教师介入行为进行界定的基础上,从教师介入行为的发起、实施和效果三个方面对教师介入行为的表现进行了现状分析。发现教师介入行为的发起偏被动,时机过早;介入行为的实施上态度偏中向和负向,方式偏消极;介入行为的效果偏向于中性和消极的问题。最后从教师、幼儿和环境三个角度对教师介入行为存在的问题进行了原因分析,以期建立合理有效的教师介入模式。     

中国房价有泡沫吗?

首先选取了房价收入比、房地产价格增长率/实际GDP增长率、房地产投资额/固定资产投资额、房地产开发贷款增长率/金融机构贷款总额增长率和房地产开发企业待开发土地面积/本年土地购置面积等5个测度指标进行分析;然后通过计算每年同比增长率,将历年数据进行直观对比。研究发现:中国房价收入比大大超过了国际公认的房价标准,中国房地产行业投资过热,中国房地产开发贷款增速较快,房地产开发企业“囤地”意图比较明显,中国房价泡沫比较明显;最后,从房产信贷政策、土地供给、遏制投机性购房、增加特殊房型供给税收政策调整等5个方面提出了抑制中国房价泡沫的政策建议。     

Patterns of Bully/Victim Problems in Mixed Race Groups of Children

This study investigated the extent of bullying within and between British Asian and White girls and boys (n = 156) and some of the reasons why it occurs. There was no significant difference in the percentage of peers that nominated Asian and White children as either bullies or victims. Contrary to our prediction (derived from Tajfel's social judgement theory), both Asian children and White children were significantly more likely to be named as bullies of same-race classmates than to be named as bullies of other-race classmates. Again contrary to our prediction, for Asian boys and White boys there were no significant correlations between general racial preferences/attitudes on the one hand, and the extent to which they were named by classmates as bullies of other-race children on the other hand. In order to investigate the types of bullying directed at own-race and other-race pupils, a subset of the sample of children (n = 60) were also asked about the specific types of bullying they had experienced, and who was responsible. Some significant racial differences emerged, most notably that proportionally more Asian children than White children reported that they had been teased about their colour or race by children of the other-race, and the opposite was the case for non-racial types of teasing. The implications of these results for children's social development, and for school's attempts to remove bully/victim problems, are discussed. One recommendation was that teasing, and especially racial teasing by racial majority pupils, should be a focus for intervention.     

Latin American Productivity from 1990 to 1998 in the Mexican Journal of Psychology

Published uninterruptedly since 1984, the Mexican Journal of Psychology (MJP) has been recognized as one of the most important periodicals in Spanish-language psychology. After coping with financial impediments and a lack of scientific contributions, the significance of the MJP emerged. The journal remains vital in the development of Latin American psychology. It is today recognized as having the highest impact of all Latin American psychology journals as well as having the second highest impact of all psychology journals in the Spanish language. The goal of the present study was to review the profiles of the MJP from 1990 to 1998 by using a bibliometric classification procedure. Four indicators were employed in the present analysis of the articles including measurement techniques, methodology, field of psychology, and main results.     

过程写作教学法在外语教学中的应用

过程写作教学法强调写作过程的重要性而非注重写作成果，关注学生在写作过程的一系列环节中的互动性反复评改和反馈。笔者将这种教学方法应用到外语教学活动中，通过教师的有效调节，发挥学生的主体作用，促进合作学习，取得了良好的教学效果。     

Workfare Programs

Abstract

Workfare initially originated as an approach to guide welfare recipients towards self-sufficiency. Today, the same strategy is being utilized as a desperate means by the States to move welfare recipients into the workforce in order not to suffer further cuts in federal assistance.

This paper reviews many of the common barriers which participants experience as they attempt to move from being welfare recipients to employees. In addition, it presents effective workfare programs, identifies critically needed support services for workfare participants, and suggests policy recommendations for the future.