建立国有企业经营管理者队伍的激励与约束机制

建立健全完善的激励约束机制是国有企业经营管理者队伍建设的重要方面。建立对国有企业经营者约束激励机制，必须符合我国的实际情况，同时借鉴国际惯例。     

对社会主义政治文明建设路径的思考

发展社会主义民主政治,建设社会主义政治文明,是全面建设小康社会的重要目标。社会主义政治文明建设的路径,毫无疑问应同时作出多向度的选择:市场经济;依法治国;政治体制改革;权力制约监督机制;党内民主与基层民主推进。     

浅析农户的农业投资行为

20年的改革开放,推进了农村经济的巨大发展,统分结合的双层经营体制使中国2亿农户成为独立的商品生产者和农村经济的投资主体.随着投资主体由集体向农户的转变,农户投资的选择倾向、态势和决策均发生了诸多变革,深刻影响着农村经济和国民经济的稳定增长.基于此,分析了农户对农业投资的动机,即农户作为理性的投资主体,在生存和生活条件得到改善的情况下,追逐利润的最大化是其投资的原动力.但由于农业的风险大,比较利益低下,致使农户的农业投资行为具有短期性和保守性等特征.在市场经济条件下,收入、劳动者素质、政策和土地规模等成为制约农户进行投资的主要因素,对此,提出了提高农民收入水平,增加农民投入的资金来源;增加国家与集体对农业的投资,为农民投入创造良好环境;金融机构贷款适当向农业和农民倾斜以及组织农民进行活劳动积累等建议.     

我国金融改革方向的理性思考

近年来中央政府加大了金融改革的力度,出台的各项金融政策主要针对证券市场。这带来了一个问题：我国金融改革的方向是什么？是银行主导型金融体系,还是市场主导型金融体系？我们认为,当前我国金融体系是银行主导型的,而今后应继续发展这种类型的金融体系,即金融改革的目标取向为银行主导型金融体系。为了保证这种目标的实现,政府可以考虑采取金融约束政策,具体来说,就是对金融机构存贷款利率加以适当的控制。     

亚洲金融体制改革及政策调整对我国的启示

亚洲危机之后东亚金融体制及政策调整对我国有启示作用,一是致力于国内宏观经济稳定和消除深层经济结构方面的隐患才是增强我国金融风险抵御能力的基础;二是我国必须注重化解渐进式改革中金融体系所沉淀的不良资产;三是我国应该坚持金融体系的协调性开放。     

宪法文化的超越

“超越”具有更为广泛、深邃的内涵，是人类及其社会特有的品质和机制，本质上是一个文化现象，宪法文化具有同样的品质。中国文化具有“内在性超越”的本质属性，宪法文化也同样具有这一特点，具体体现在宪法序言和条文的规定中。深刻体认这一特点，是现行宪法进而贯彻实施宪法不可或缺的哲学基础。中国宪法文化与西方的宪法文化形成鲜明的反差，西方宪法文化是“外在性超越”。这两种文化特点各有所长。中国在发扬“内在性超越”宪法文化优势的同时，也要吸收“外在性超越”注重制度性的约束机制的特长。     

A Social Work Perspective on Seclusion and Restraint in Australia’s Public Mental Health System

A social work perspective of the nature of seclusion and restraint in Australia’s public mental health systems is presented. The article suggests a theme of seclusion and restraint as a regulatory mechanism despite evidence of harm and even death. The case that the use of seclusion and restraint constitutes a social justice issue as it can be understood as an abuse of human rights and form of torture is established. An incident of a person dying in an Australian mental health facility after being secluded is presented to substantiate this claim. An over focus on individual expressions of violence or risk can be at the expense of understanding the systemic and cultural nature of violence in mental health systems. It is important to understand the nature of, and perhaps to question the presumed necessity of, seclusion and restraint practices to ensure that social workers are not breaching their professional obligations to people who are mental health clients.     

Touch in residential child care: staff’s bodies and children’s agency

This paper concerns the significance of touch in the everyday life of those living and working in residential child care. Public and professional awareness about child abuse has focused attention on the bodies of children and their vulnerability – but the same cannot be said of the bodies of staff members who touch children. This ethnographic study of a Scottish residential child care unit shows such touch to be central to the everyday participation of children and young people in care. On the basis of participant observation, the paper analyses how care workers influence the agency of children and young people by bringing their own bodies into their relationships with them. Based on a relational understanding of care, the paper elaborates on how tender and restraining forms of touch form part of care workers’ professional repertoire of actions. The analysis of various instances of touch in terms of sociology of the body shows how staff members can help to shape children and young people’s opportunities for participation with their own bodies. In conclusion, the paper therefore argues for a professional and reflexive engagement with bodies rather than a general avoidance of touch between care workers and young people.     

个人账户基金委托代理关系中的激励约束机制

个人账户基金投资管理中由于信息不对称产生的逆向选择和道德风险问题,使其＂防老＂功能无法实现。为了保证个人账户基金安全性的基础上实现其收益性,需要建立有效的监督管理机制,有必要设计激励约束机制：对投资管理人设立合理的激励系数K,并以最低收益担保值为基准,设立约束机制,通过控制投资管理人的回报来改变其行为,确保委托人和代理人的利益保持一致,防止投资管理人在投资管理过程中因追求自身利益最大化而损害参保人的利益。     

我国人口老龄化带来的挑战及对策

老龄化问题是全球性的社会问题,是21世纪人类社会面临的共同挑战。它是指老年人口占总人口的比重不断增加,并且达到一定比例的一种动态变化过程。从2000年人口普查的结果来看,我国60岁及以上人口占总人口的10.3%,65岁及以上人口占总人口的6.96%。这表明,2000年既是新世纪的开端,也是我国老龄化社会的起点。老龄化一方面表明我国经济增长、社会稳定、医疗进步,另一方面也给我国社会的进一步发展带来了巨大压力和挑战。所以必须转变观念正确认识老龄化问题,加快经济发展,实施积极老龄化战略,让老年人老有所养、老有所用。