针对生物识别信息的刑法保护:现实境遇与完善路径——以四川“人脸识别案”为切入点

当前生物识别信息在我国社会中的运用呈现逐年递增的趋势.生物识别信息具备本体特殊性和社会特殊性,这决定了其具备与普通公民个人信息不同的重要性,应受到刑法的特殊保护,但我国既定刑事立法对生物识别信息并未进行任何形式的特殊保护.可运用实质解释的方法,在不违反罪刑法定原则的前提下,充分利用两高《解释》第5条中第1款第10项和第2款第4项这两个兜底条款,将"侵犯生物识别信息5条及以上"认定为"情节严重",将"侵犯生物识别信息50条及以上"认定为"情节特别严重",由此降低针对生物识别信息原本的入罪和法定刑升格的数量,最终实现对生物识别信息的特殊刑法保护.     

大数据背景下个人信息处理行为的法律规制——以个人信息处理行为的双重外部性为分析视角

大数据背景下个人信息处理行为既引发数据安全风险等负外部性，也会带来分享经济价值实现等正外部性，"大数据悖论"现象揭示了双重外部性成因。基于"外部性内在化"原理赋予信息主体以个人信息权并赋予数据控制者以大数据财产权虽有助分别规制其双重外部性，但网络大数据背景下其双重外部性规制彼此交互影响而面临两难困境。法经济学关于"损害之相互性"理论证立了基于"风险导向理念"规制个人信息处理以破解其两难困境的经济逻辑。大数据产业发展有赖个人信息处理的"外部性外部化"而实现分享经济。法经济学关于"公地喜剧"理论证立了基于"外部性外部化"规制个人信息处理而满足大数据产业发展需要的经济逻辑。大数据背景下个人信息处理的规制有赖从"压制型法"到兼及"回应型法"的理念转换，从"外部性内在化"兼及"外部性外部化"的机制并举，从数据资源权利配置兼及数字技术权力干预的措施协同，实现大数据产业创新与个人信息安全的有机平衡。     

HDDA: DataSifter: statistical obfuscation of electronic health records and other sensitive datasets

There are no practical and effective mechanisms to share high-dimensional data including sensitive information in various fields like health financial intelligence or socioeconomics without compromising either the utility of the data or exposing private personal or secure organizational information. Excessive scrambling or encoding of the information makes it less useful for modelling or analytical processing. Insufficient preprocessing may compromise sensitive information and introduce a substantial risk for re-identification of individuals by various stratification techniques. To address this problem, we developed a novel statistical obfuscation method (DataSifter) for on-the-fly de-identification of structured and unstructured sensitive high-dimensional data such as clinical data from electronic health records (EHR). DataSifter provides complete administrative control over the balance between risk of data re-identification and preservation of the data information. Simulation results suggest that DataSifter can provide privacy protection while maintaining data utility for different types of outcomes of interest. The application of DataSifter on a large autism dataset provides a realistic demonstration of its promise practical applications.     

A Qualitative Case Study on Recovery and Personal Growth in Korean Drug Addicts

ABSTRACT

In recent years, crimes related to drug smuggling and production have gradually increased in Korea. This qualitative case study explores the experiences of Koreans recovering from drug addiction and identifies specific details and mechanisms of recovery. For this purpose, participants were selected based on criteria such as engaging in social activities after recovery from addiction for 3 years or more. Next, one-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with five voluntarily consenting participants. Data were analyzed using the within-/cross-case analysis suggested by Creswell. Substantial personal growth took place in the recovery process for drug addicts. Nineteen themes were identified as manifestations of personal growth through within-case analysis. Four common themes were then derived through cross-case analysis. These four common themes were “reconnection with reality,” “embracing the essence of one's own existence,” “reconstructing oneself in social relations,” and “self-love.” The study's results suggest that a recovery program needs to be developed wherein the program not only enables drug addicts to reflect on their current existence but also allows them to develop their specific coping skills. Future research should be broadened to consider the social support mechanism and viewpoints of people including family and local community members in close contact with drug addicts.     

我国台湾地区消费者债务清理管理人制度研究——兼谈对我国大陆个人破产管理人制度的借鉴

随着我国大陆社会经济发展，个人破产制度的建立已是大势所趋，有必要对个人破产管理人进行探究。我国台湾地区在“双卡风暴”的背景下颁布了针对消费者的《消费者债务清理条例》，构建了个人破产制度，通过对《条例》中关于管理人的内容分析，可以发现其具有自身特点：法律地位上的财团代表属性，设立上的简单化，选任上基于个人债权债务关系的考量，职责的程序性和维持性，酬劳的绝对保障性，监督的严厉性等，对我国大陆个人破产管理人体系的构建具有借鉴意义。     

The EPA Health Risk Assessment of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)

This paper describes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of potential health risks associated with the possible widespread use of a manganese (Mn)-based fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). This assessment was significant in several respects and may be instructive in identifying certain methodological issues of general relevance to risk assessment. A major feature of the inhalation health risk assessment was the derivation of Mn inhalation reference concentration (RfC) estimates using various statistical approaches, including benchmark dose and Bayesian analyses. The exposure assessment component used data from the Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) study and other sources to estimate personal exposure levels of particulate Mn attributable to the permitted use of MMT in leaded gasoline in Riverside, CA, at the time of the PTEAM study; on this basis it was then possible to predict a distribution of possible future exposure levels associated with the use of MMT in all unleaded gasoline. Qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of the risk characterization are summarized, along with inherent uncertainties due to data limitations.     

Personal development plans supporting employee learning and perceived performance: the moderating role of self-directedness

Due to developments in the current dynamic business environment which is more global and competitive than ever, employees’ lifelong learning and the way organizations support their continuous development are pivotal. Many organizations introduce personal development plans (PDPs) to support employees’ learning, however, not always taking into account their personal characteristics. This study had a twofold purpose as it was designed to explore on the one hand the relationship between PDPs in the workplace with employee’s undertaking of learning activities and perceived performance, and on the other hand the possible moderating role of employee self-directedness on this relationship. For this study, data collected by means of a questionnaire at two different organizations were used, one organization foregoing profit and one non-profit activity. The results indicated significant positive relations between the individual supporting factor ‘employee learning and reflection’ and the undertaking of learning activities and perceived performance and between employee self-directedness and the undertaking of learning activities and perceived performance. The same accounted for the moderating effect of employee self-directedness on the interaction between learning and reflection and perceived performance. Some findings were surprising, nevertheless resulted in valuable insights and implications for practice.     

个人叙事与传统建构——以即墨“田横祭海节”为例

民俗学力从民俗传承主体的个人叙事和生活史中去发现民俗传承和发展的机制。田横祭海节上民俗传承主体讲述的关于修建土地庙、龙王庙、天后庙、文君庙等庙宇的个人叙事中,体现了传统被建构的过程和机制。个人叙事与传统建构的关系就是：传统是一个过程,个人叙事在传统不断被建构的过程中发挥着重建、发扬、新建并不断强化的作用。     

论教师的语言美及语言修养

语言是人类特有的用来表达意思、交流思想、沟通信息、联络情感的工具。教师职业的特殊性决定了教师要把好语言关,在传授知识、技能的同时,给学生以关的享受。教育教学实践中教师的语言体现着境界关、心灵关、震撼美和艺术美,作为教师,必须从内到外加强语言修养。     

娄底市商业性健身俱乐部私人教练需求分析

为了提高私人教练的整体素质,促进私人健身教练的市场发展。运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计等研究方法,对娄底市商业性私人健身教练的需求进行了研究。结果显示：娄底市私人健身教练以文化程度中等偏低,工作经验薄弱的男性教练为主体,年龄结构趋于年轻化。有63.6%学员需要私人教练提供指导,选择私教的学员仅占7.5%,他们的态度与行为存在较大的反差,这与学员对私教认识,经济收入,对健康的强烈程度,私教市场培育与管理等影响因素分不开。