情态动词的语用分析

英语情态语法范畴进入了动词语法范畴的总体系.情态动词的情态意义是相互交错,自成体系.与其他动词相比,情态动词主要满足语用和语义的需要;其他动词满足语法的需要.所以,分相论述,探讨情态动词所凝结的语用特征是十分必要的.     

Statistical inference for oscillation processes

ABSTRACT

A new model for time series with a specific oscillation pattern is proposed. The model consists of a hidden phase process controlling the speed of polling and a nonparametric curve characterizing the pattern, leading together to a generalized state space model. Identifiability of the model is proved and a method for statistical inference based on a particle smoother and a nonparametric EM algorithm is developed. In particular, the oscillation pattern and the unobserved phase process are estimated. The proposed algorithms are computationally efficient and their performance is assessed through simulations and an application to human electrocardiogram recordings.     

区域战略性新兴产业的分阶段选择模型及应用——以重庆市为例

运用定量评价与定性分析相结合的研究方法,构建了区域战略性新兴产业的分阶段选择模型。模型将选择过程细分为区域分析、定量选择和综合分析三个阶段,解决目前战略性新兴产业分类与现有统计数据分类存在差异、选择过程复杂等问题。以重庆市为例进行实证分析：第一阶段通过对重庆市进行区位分析筛选出有色金属采选业、金融等35个产业;第二阶段针对第二产业和第三产业分别采用因子分析法和熵值法进行优选,得到交通运输设备制造业、金融等13个产业;第三阶段结合技术发展方向对以上产业进一步分析,提出重庆市战略新兴产业重点应放在高端装备制造业和新一代信息技术,其次是新能源汽车、生物医药和新能源领域。     

Buckley–James Type Estimator for Censored Data with Covariates Missing by Design

Abstract. The Buckley–James estimator (BJE) is a well‐known estimator for linear regression models with censored data. Ritov has generalized the BJE to a semiparametric setting and demonstrated that his class of Buckley–James type estimators is asymptotically equivalent to the class of rank‐based estimators proposed by Tsiatis. In this article, we revisit such relationship in censored data with covariates missing by design. By exploring a similar relationship between our proposed class of Buckley–James type estimating functions to the class of rank‐based estimating functions recently generalized by Nan, Kalbfleisch and Yu, we establish asymptotic properties of our proposed estimators. We also conduct numerical studies to compare asymptotic efficiencies from various estimators.     

Planning a Bayesian early-phase phase I/II study for human vaccines in HER2 carcinomas

Recent innovative statistical approaches for phase I/II clinical trials allow one to jointly model the toxicity and efficacy of a new treatment, taking into account the information gathered during the trial. Prior probabilities are then updated with interim data and thus predictive probabilities become more accurate as the trial progresses. In this study, prior distribution elicited from a physician's opinion on the available dose levels planned for a vaccination dose-finding trial, with human DNA in patients with HER2-positive tumours in terms of toxicity and therapeutic response is presented and discussed. A simulation study was conducted in order to quantify the impact of the choice of prior on study results, i.e. the recommended dose level at the end of the trial.     

Subgroup analysis and interpretation for phase 3 confirmatory trials: White paper of the EFSPI/PSI working group on subgroup analysis

Subgroup by treatment interaction assessments are routinely performed when analysing clinical trials and are particularly important for phase 3 trials where the results may affect regulatory labelling. Interpretation of such interactions is particularly difficult, as on one hand the subgroup finding can be due to chance, but equally such analyses are known to have a low chance of detecting differential treatment effects across subgroup levels, so may overlook important differences in therapeutic efficacy. EMA have therefore issued draft guidance on the use of subgroup analyses in this setting. Although this guidance provided clear proposals on the importance of pre‐specification of likely subgroup effects and how to use this when interpreting trial results, it is less clear which analysis methods would be reasonable, and how to interpret apparent subgroup effects in terms of whether further evaluation or action is necessary. A PSI/EFSPI Working Group has therefore been investigating a focused set of analysis approaches to assess treatment effect heterogeneity across subgroups in confirmatory clinical trials that take account of the number of subgroups explored and also investigating the ability of each method to detect such subgroup heterogeneity. This evaluation has shown that the plotting of standardised effects, bias‐adjusted bootstrapping method and SIDES method all perform more favourably than traditional approaches such as investigating all subgroup‐by‐treatment interactions individually or applying a global test of interaction. Therefore, these approaches should be considered to aid interpretation and provide context for observed results from subgroup analyses conducted for phase 3 clinical trials.     

一类平面四次系统的全局相图

分析了一类平面四次微分系统的有限奇点及无穷远奇点 ,得到了系统的相图 .     

相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基氨基乙基苄基醚

以二乙氨基乙醇、氯化苄为原料,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,氢氧化钠固体为碱,苯为溶剂,经 Wimamson 醚化反应高产率合成 N,N-二乙基氨基乙基苄基醚,收率可达80％。考察了催化剂、温度、溶剂、反应时间、投料比对此醚化反应的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。产物经过沸点、红外光谱、~1H-核磁共振谱给予确证。     

实正弦信号的快速相位差分频率估计方法

基于最小均方误差相位差分频率估计原理,提出了能够直接处理实正弦信号的相位差分频率估计算法。新的修改算法利用零交越或FFT变换,能快速有效地在时域或频域上得到实正弦信号的相位信息,改善了频率估计的SNR阈值,且便于工程实现。     

微波振荡器相位噪声的非线性电流源分析法

提出了一种微波场效应晶体管振荡器相位噪声新的分析方法,该方法利用非线性电流源法分析振荡器基波和各次谐波的稳态响应和相位噪声特性,把稳态响应分析与相位噪声分析有机统一起来,便于微波振荡器综合性能的ＣＡＤ 优化设计。经验证,计算机辅助分析结果与传统分析方法的结果相一致,证明了该方法的正确性