Crowding‐Out and Fundraising Efforts

The crowding‐out of private donations by government grants is an integral element in designing an efficient method of financing nonprofit activity. This article looks at elements of crowd‐out, both the direct impact on donors and the indirect impact caused by the response of nonprofits. We include both theoretical and empirical analyses of the reactions by donors and nonprofits to an increase in government funding based on data from the League of American Orchestras’ annual reports from 2004 to 2007. To combat indirect crowd‐out, renewed emphasis should be placed on grant design; for direct crowd‐out, theories of collective action are appropriate.     

Disclosure of Transgender Identity and Status in the Context of Friendship

This study focuses on understanding disclosure of transgender identity within the context of friendship. Participants were 536 individuals who self-identified as transgender or gender variant. Participants completed an online questionnaire regarding friendship experiences. Thematic analysis focused on understanding experiences of identity disclosure to friends. Participants reported positive and negative experiences associated with the identity disclosure process, with responses falling into five distinct categories: positive or affirming responses, negative responses, a variation of responses, an impact on the friendship status, and emotional responses from friends. Within these five theme categories, distinct subcategories were apparent including responses that reflected support, physical violence, gaining or losing friends, and friends being unsurprised or not caring about the disclosure. These findings point to the ways in which the friendship experiences for transgender individuals are complex and unique. Clinical implications for understanding the needs of clients regarding disclosure of transgender identity and status to friends are discussed.     

How to Describe It? Why the Term Coming Out Means Different Things in the United States and France

Drawing on 30 in‐depth interviews with U.S. and French lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals, we find important similarities in how U.S. and French respondents strategically managed the visibility of their sexual identities but differences in the vocabulary used to discuss those experiences. Specifically, all of the Americans used the expression coming out spontaneously while only five French respondents did so. Instead, French respondents typically rejected coming out in favor of other words or expressions. Rather than simple effects of speaking different languages, these differences stemmed from distinct connotations given to the same—widely diffused—expressions within each local context. Unlike their American peers, who saw the expression's origin in their own history and used in everyday lives, most French respondents resisted what they perceived to be an American cultural object imported by the French media. We also find evidence that the meaning of coming out is changing in both contexts such that in the future, the French and Americans may perceive and use it more similarly. This research contributes to our understanding of the intersection between language, meaning, and political context, within a cross‐national setting.     

Pre-merger acquisition capabilities: A study of two successful serial acquirers

The aim of this paper is to provide new insights into the pre-merger phase of M&A. It examines capabilities of serial acquirers, that is, expertise and routines. This is done by conducting a study of two successful serial acquirers. The study identifies and describes what elements expertise and routines consist of and how they are related, explaining how both are needed for a successful pre-merger phase. Moreover, it consolidates present knowledge on expertise and routines in the pre-merger phase and adds new empirical and theoretical insights. The result is the pre-merger capability typology showing in a fine-grained manner which capabilities and elements are important. Arguably, the study provides a holistic view of acquisition capabilities of successful serial acquirers in the pre-merger phase.     

Conversations of Care: A Narrative Review of Collaborative Care Systems for Foster and Kinship Care

This paper reviews the literature on human relational factors and their impact on complex care systems for a highly vulnerable population of children and young people in out‐of‐home care (OOHC). Factors contributing to the functioning of collaborative OOHC systems are reviewed from theoretical and contextual perspectives. The authors posit that secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma are central to understanding the impact of relational trauma and the experience of individuals, families, teams, and the wider ecology of collaborative care systems. Given the challenges of working collaboratively across interpersonal, family, and systems boundaries to support traumatised children in OOHC, further research is required.     

多尔衮死于宁城县清代喀喇城考实——顺治七年多尔衮冬猎路径寻踪

本文据《清初内国史院满文档案译编》(1989年版)等文献,考知顺治七年,多尔衮赴边外冬猎路径:出京师城东侧朝阳门,经通州河、沙甸、汤河、遵化、三屯营、喜峰口、宽城、老哈河(音译作刘汉河,平泉市西北部)、黑里河上游区,因急病迁喀喇城(今宁城县黑城)并死于此。其柩车返京师也经此松亭关路径(经石门)。更正学界关于多尔衮死于古北口外承德喀喇城一说。     

Oxytocin discontinuation after the active phase of induced labor: A systematic review

Background

Oxytocin is the most widely used drug in the induction of labor, but it could have potential adverse effects that derive from uterine hyperstimulation.

不同种类气体注入对原油物性的影响研究

膨胀试验作为单井吞吐工艺试验的重要评价手段之一,在油田注气混相与非混相驱试验中已得到应用。目前对不同种类气体注入对原油相态影响国内外虽作了些分析和研究,但针对同一种流体究竟那种注入气体较好,还研究得不多。首先对CO2注入时原油膨胀试验和未注气时的常规PVT数据进行模拟后,对CO2、N2、CH4和烟道气四种不同的注入气体进行了模拟研究,给出了在不同种类气体注入时原油的膨胀系数和泡点压力的影响,同时对混合气体的注入进行了分析。分析了各种气体在单井吞吐试验对地层流体的适应性,对其优缺点也进行了对比分析。     

Strengths-based creative mindfulness-based group work with youth aging out of the child welfare system

ABSTRACT

This article describes the outcomes of a doctoral study exploring the facilitation of an arts and mindfulness-based group for youth aging out of the child welfare system. Although there has been an upsurge in attention to the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) with children, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding the use of MBIs with older youth who have experienced trauma, loss, and marginalization. At the same time, there is increasing attention to the importance of relationships to successful transitions in the lives of youth aging out of child welfare system. This research is qualitative and sought to explore how an innovative MBI was experienced by these youth. Data from semistructured interviews revealed key themes related to the unique challenges of being involved in the child welfare system and the aging-out process, the participants’ understanding and benefits of learning mindfulness, as well as their experience of social support through a collaborative group participation. The benefits of group participation, including meaningful engagement in the group process, are considered.     

Bayesian adaptive linearization method for phase I drug combination trials with dimension reduction

Many phase I drug combination designs have been proposed to find the maximum tolerated combination (MTC). Due to the two‐dimension nature of drug combination trials, these designs typically require complicated statistical modeling and estimation, which limit their use in practice. In this article, we propose an easy‐to‐implement Bayesian phase I combination design, called Bayesian adaptive linearization method (BALM), to simplify the dose finding for drug combination trials. BALM takes the dimension reduction approach. It selects a subset of combinations, through a procedure called linearization, to convert the two‐dimensional dose matrix into a string of combinations that are fully ordered in toxicity. As a result, existing single‐agent dose‐finding methods can be directly used to find the MTC. In case that the selected linear path does not contain the MTC, a dose‐insertion procedure is performed to add new doses whose expected toxicity rate is equal to the target toxicity rate. Our simulation studies show that the proposed BALM design performs better than competing, more complicated combination designs.