《孟子音义》中孙爽音注反映的宋初语音

《孟子音义》中孙爽音注与《广韵》音系基本一致，但也存在着36条与《广韵》《集韵》音韵地位不同的音注材料，这些音注材料所反映出的宋初实际语音现象有：云影、书生、以邪相混，浊音清化；仙元、锡昔相混，重组有别；浊上变去。     

英汉语用歧义探微

论述了英、汉两种语言中语用歧义的问题 ,重点分析了含义歧义 ,其主要内容包括量歧义、说话歧义及质歧义等     

浅析歧义在英语广告语篇中的文体价值

歧义作为一种语言现象在任何语言中都存在。造成歧义的原因有很多,其中语言的局限性、心理因素和传播因素是最主要的三个原因。尽管歧义有其消极的一面,但也不能否定它的积极作用。在英语广告中对歧义的广泛利用就是对其积极作用的肯定。本文从词汇、结构以及双关的角度分析了英语广告文体中的歧义及其文体价值。     

《孟子音义》中孙奭音注反映的宋初语音

《孟子音义》中孙奭音注与《广韵》音系基本一致,但也存在着36条与《广韵》《集韵》音韵地位不同的音注材料,这些音注材料所反映出的宋初实际语音现象有:云影、书生、以邪相混,浊音清化;仙元、锡昔相混,重纽有别;浊上变去。     

Ambiguity and risk taking in organizations

Kunreuther, Meszaros, and Hogarth (1993) argue that insurers are risk averse and ambiguity averse, and that they use cognitive reference points and constraints in making pricing decisions. They further claim that insurer ambiguity may be a factor that has a role in market failure at the industry level. Arguably, ambiguity may be an important aspect of decision behavior. In this article, research on managerial risk taking is reviewed with a focus on the relationship between ambiguity and risk taking. In particular, the effects of the organizational and institutional context are highlighted. It is argued that the political aspects of insurer decision behavior should be considered as well. Implications for further study and understanding of decision making are discussed.     

英语结构歧义的类型、理解与翻译

根据英语语法功能，结构歧义大致可以分为范围歧义和功能歧义两大类型。本文根据转换学派提出的深层结构和表层结构的学说，对英语结构歧义的类型、理解与翻译用典型的实例作了说明。     

A Smooth Model of Decision Making under Ambiguity

We propose and characterize a model of preferences over acts such that the decision maker prefers act f to act g if and only if 𝔼_μφ(𝔼_πu○f) 𝔼_μφ(𝔼_πu○g), where 𝔼 is the expectation operator, u is a von Neumann–Morgenstern utility function, φis an increasing transformation, and μis a subjective probability over the set Πof probability measures πthat the decision maker thinks are relevant given his subjective information. A key feature of our model is that it achieves a separation between ambiguity, identified as a characteristic of the decision maker's subjective beliefs, and ambiguity attitude, a characteristic of the decision maker's tastes. We show that attitudes toward pure risk are characterized by the shape of u, as usual, while attitudes toward ambiguity are characterized by the shape of φ. Ambiguity itself is defined behaviorally and is shown to be characterized by properties of the subjective set of measures Π. One advantage of this model is that the well‐developed machinery for dealing with risk attitudes can be applied as well to ambiguity attitudes. The model is also distinct from many in the literature on ambiguity in that it allows smooth, rather than kinked, indifference curves. This leads to different behavior and improved tractability, while still sharing the main features (e.g., Ellsberg's paradox). The maxmin expected utility model (e.g., Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989)) with a given set of measures may be seen as a limiting case of our model with infinite ambiguity aversion. Two illustrative portfolio choice examples are offered.     

汉字假借关系多重性特征例释

假借是汉字应用和发展中非常重要的一种现象.假借关系可以在两对词或更多词之间交叉递相发生.有些汉字之问存在着密切复杂的关联,现今的字词对应关系的格局是经过了两次以上假借关系的发生而最终形成的.如"何"与"荷"、"来"与"麦"两组汉字今天的使用格局.都是经过了两重假借而形成的.     

从音情顿挫到沉郁顿挫和清壮顿挫——唐宋人对文学境界的开拓与对形式美的体认

在六朝审美自觉的基础上,唐宋文学思想趋于成熟.陈子昂的音情顿挫,杜甫的沉郁顿挫,苏轼的清壮顿挫,既有自觉的理论主张,又有成功的创作实践,在不同阶段,体现出大国之风,标示出文学前进的步伐,标志着古代文学和文学思想的成熟.     

论英语否定结构中的歧义现象

在含有否定结构的英语句中 ,如果是一个孤立的句子 ,往往会令读者觉得含有多种理解或者有多种意义。这就是在英语否定结构中常出现的歧义现象 ,这种否定结构即是英语歧异结构之一。了解这种结构和现象 ,就能知道这种结构的正确意义 ,从而避免歧义 ,避免理解或表达的错误