Are dual and single exposures differently associated with clinical levels of trauma symptoms? Examining physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence among young children

A significant portion of children living in the United States have experienced trauma. Informed by the developmental traumatology model, we explored the effects of physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) on childhood trauma symptoms. This study utilizes a convenience sample of 580 high‐risk children between 3 and 12 years who received services from one‐child advocacy centre during a 12‐month period. We performed a series of binary logistic regression analyses to examine if physical abuse, exposure to IPV, and dual exposure (i.e., both physical abuse and IPV) are distinctly associated with six trauma symptoms, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress (PTS), dissociation, anger, and sexual concerns. The results indicated that dual exposure was predictive of all trauma symptoms, except for dissociation. Additionally, physical abuse was associated with PTS, anger, and sexual concerns, whereas exposure to IPV was associated with depression, PTS, and sexual concerns. Research and implications for practitioners working with young children are discussed.     

“Me,the street,and a backpack”: employment,income, and physical capital in rural recovery

ABSTRACT

Recovery capital is a framework for understanding individuals’ resources for recovery from substance misuse. In a qualitative analysis of rural individuals in recovery (N = 49), the role of physical capital emerged prominently across ten focus groups. Participants highlighted the effects of employment status, income, and other forms of physical capital directly, as well as indirect effects through changes in human capital. Negative cultural capital components, in the form of stigma and employment discrimination, were described as barriers to physical capital acquisition and successful recovery. Based on these findings, we discuss rural recovery challenges and propose a model of recovery capital interactions.     

幼儿园教师虐童行为的特征、影响及对策

幼儿园教师虐童事件数次发生，已经成为全社会普遍愤慨和共同忧虑的焦点问题。幼儿园教师虐童具有隐蔽性强，儿童难以抗拒，施虐方式多样，越小儿童越易受到虐待等表现特征。虐童行为不仅伤及儿童身体，更给儿童心理和精神造成严重危害。为有效防止幼儿园教师虐童行为，需要从政府、幼儿园和家长层面采取具有针对性的防治措施。     

Do All Activities “Weigh” Equally? How Different Physical Activities Differ as Predictors of Weight

In Britain, it is recommended that, to stay healthy, adults should do 150 minutes of moderate‐intensity physical activity every week. The recommendations provided by the U.K. government, however, remain silent in regard to the type of activity that should be done. Using the annual Health Survey for England we compare how different types of physical activities predict a person's weight. In particular, we consider clinically measured body mass index and waist circumference. We document mean slopes emanating from ordinary least squares regressions with these measures as the dependent variables. We show that individuals who walk at a brisk or fast pace are more likely to have a lower weight when compared to individuals doing other activities. Additionally, we highlight that the association between physical activity and weight is stronger for females and individuals over the age of 50. Our overall conclusions are robust to a number of specifications.     

Installing Circuit Breakers: Mechanisms to Avoid Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

This paper suggests that a synergy is both possible and necessary between two traditionally distinct management approaches: the Weberian approach, which contends that the bureaucratic structure of a company affects the daily activities of employees, and the human relations model, which holds that small group leadership dynamics at the divisional/department level affects daily activities of employees. The tendency within organizations is to promote one approach over the other. A resolution to the debate is suggested in applying mechanisms to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Indeed, the courts have inadvertently pointed the way: the reasonable woman standard urges a human relations approach to resolving the problem of sexual harassment, placing the burden of solving the problem on supervisor personnel and their ability to direct their employee's behavior; the hostile environment issues promotes a Weberian structural solution, requiring sound policy be developed at the executive level to ensure workplace compliance to appropriate normative behavior. A one-sided approach is doomed to failure, which may explain why the issue continues to rage in the corporate sphere.     

论空间的生产、建构和创造

空间是物质的存在形式,具有历史性、社会性和实践性等特点。人类在不同发展阶段利用、生产、建构和创造出了不同的空间形式。它既包括先于人存在的物质空间、能量空间、信息空间和生命空间,也包括人类创造的社会空间、精神空间、理论空间、文化艺术空间、客观知识空间、虚拟空间和赛博空间。其中,空具有无限的充填欲,形具有无穷的可塑性。作为时空存在者,每个人都应该立足科学技术和艺术,从空间的多样化、立体化、信息化、艺术化、网络化、虚拟化和全球化入手,把握其内在规律和延异趋势,积极投身空间的设计、创造和建构,生产出更多的空间形态,以应对日益丰富的人的发展。这既意味着人类智慧对物质客体的超越,更体现出人的创造本性。否则,日益拥挤的人类,生活在有限的空间中,会愈发感到乏味和窒息。     

不同体育选修项目对体质监测结果的影响分析

本文通过运用文献资料、体质测试和数理统计方法,对包头师范学院08级不同选修班学生的选修前、后测试成绩进行对比分析,得出结论:篮球、排球、足球与健美操选修的同学,肺活量成绩明显提高,有效地改善了呼吸系统的功能;健美操选修提高了学生的柔韧性水平;其他没有明显的提高,耐力水平都有下降的趋势。     

河北工程大学学生体质与健康调研结果分析

高校学生是高层次的知识型人才,肩负着社会主义现代化建设的重任,他们的体质与健康状况好坏事关我国全民族的健康素质。此次调研结果表明:河北工程大学19-22岁汉族学生的部分身体形态发育指标略有所提高;身高标准体重统计数据结果显示正常体重比例偏低;四个组别的肺活量均值较2005年全国平均水平有较大涨幅;部分身体素质指标下降幅度较大,男生引体向上的完成结果并不尽如人意。针对部分指标下降的原因进行了讨论,并提出了相应的合理化建议,为相关部门提供参考。     

Pictures in the classroom: can teachers and mental health professionals identify maltreated children's drawings?

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether teachers and mental health professionals are able to identify drawings produced by maltreated children, at a level greater than chance, when these drawings are presented to them at the same time as drawings created by non‐maltreated matched control children. In a relatively small study, a group of 33 mental health practitioners (MHPs) and a group of 10 teachers were shown sets of drawings and asked whether they could identify the maltreated children's drawings. It was found that there was no significant difference between mental health practitioner and teacher groups in identifying child maltreatment from Favourite Kind of Day Drawings (FKDs) (Manning, 1987) and Kinetic Family Drawings (KFD) (Burns and Kaufman, 1970). The results also point to the KFD as a more reliable drawing technique, but only when it is known that maltreatment is definitely present, and in a situation with no a priori knowledge it should not be used for the identification of maltreatment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Advances in Families and Health Research in the 21st Century

We review research on families and health published between 2000 and 2009 and highlight key themes and findings from innovative, methodologically rigorous studies. Whereas research in prior decades focused primarily on whether family structure affects child and adult health, contemporary research examines the contextual and processual factors that shape for whom, for which outcomes, and under what conditions families affect mental and physical health. We discuss how family structure, transitions, and processes within families of origin affect children's health over the life course. We then examine the effects of marital status, transitions, and quality for adult health. We point out limitations in current research, discuss implications of recent findings for policy, and highlight theoretical and methodological directions for future research.