河北省体育教育专业毕业生就业状况调查分析

采用文献资料、访谈及问卷调查等方法,对河北省体育教育专业毕业生就业状况从就业准备、就业意识、就业意向、就业主动性、就业消费、就业挫折以及就业教育上进行了调研。结果表明：相当数量毕业生就业准备不够充分;就业意识还有待加强;就业意向存在理想化倾向;就业的主动性还需进一步加强;就业消费较低．且消费项目分散,同时毕业生应理性面对就业消费不断增加的现实;就业烦恼主要来自用人单位要求学历较高、社会需求较少、恋人同城理想难以实现和都市情节;就业教育相对滞后,就业指导工作还需要进一步加强。     

Home Modifications among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Closer Look at Race and Ethnicity

ABSTRACT

This study investigated racial and ethnic differences in home modification use. Data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study were used (n=6,764). Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics were less likely to have a grab bar (odds ratio (OR) = 0.6), bath seat (OR = 0.8), or raised toilet (OR = 0.6). Non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely to have a grab bar (OR = 0.7) or bath seat (OR = 0.7) than non-Hispanic Whites, but more likely to have a raised toilet (OR = 1.3). English proficiency largely explained ethnic differences, while health status partially accounted for racial disparities.     

Alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students: A longitudinal test of 2 explanatory models of health behavior

Objective: To help clarify the effect of gender on the bidirectional relationship between alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students. Participants: Five hundred twenty-four (52% female) college students recruited in August 2008 and 2009 and followed up in April 2009 and April 2011, respectively. Methods: Participants reported their alcohol use and strenuous physical activity on 2 occasions (baseline and follow-up) spaced approximately 1 or 2 years apart. Results: For females, alcohol use quantity at baseline was associated with increased strenuous physical activity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups, and alcohol use frequency at baseline was associated with decreased strenuous physical activity at 2-year follow-up. For males, alcohol use frequency at baseline predicted decreased strenuous physical activity at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Gender differences may be explained from an eating disorders perspective such that women use physical activity as a compensatory strategy to combat potential weight gain from calories consumed during alcohol use.     

Evidence-Based Programs for Older Adults: A Disconnect Between U.S. National Strategy and Local Senior Center Implementation

While U.S. national policies have been developed to support evidence-based (EB) lifestyle programs for older adults, there has been limited research to determine the extent to which these programs actually reach local communities. This study sought to identify factors that impact the implementation of EB physical activity, nutrition, and chronic disease management programs at regional (Area Agencies on Aging [AAAs]) and community levels (senior Centers [SCs]). Interviews were conducted with directors of four AAAs and 12 SCs to understand their perspectives on EB program implementation. Narratives revealed differences between AAAs and SCs regarding knowledge about EB programs and reasons to promote and adopt these programs. The only agreement occurred when discussing concerns about funding and program inflexibility. Substantial gaps exist between how EB lifestyle programs are promoted and implemented at the regional and community levels.     

Note From Iran: Self-Reported Elder Abuse in Qazvin, 2012

This brief report provides a first look at self-reported instances of elder abuse by a sample of people 60 years and older living in Qazvin, Iran. Six hundred community-dwelling persons, drawn from the registry files of each health center in Qazin, completed questionnaires during April to October 2012. At least 80% of the participants reported experiencing some form of psychological abuse, financial abuse, and/or neglect at least once during a 2-month period. Physical and sexual abuse were rarely reported. Despite a strong Iranian cultural emphasis on respect for elders, the self-reporting of elder abuse, especially psychological abuse, is greater than our expectation. We recommend that health-related policies and programs begin to identify elder abuse and neglect as a first step in prevention.     

制度变迁过程的历史沉淀成本效应分析

在新古典完全竞争市场理论——历史沉淀成本决策无关性的假设前提背景下,从未来不确定性、信息不完全和财务预算约束等角度考察历史沉淀成本对制度变迁过程的影响,为制度变迁过程确立一个新的分析视角,从而弥补了原有研究的不足。在现实经济生活中,市场不完全是常态,有限理性、交易成本、信息不完全和环境不确定性等因素普遍存在,历史沉淀成本很容易发挥作用,从而表明:未来越不确定,信息越不完全,资源越稀缺,导致财务预算越硬,历史沉淀成本效应越大,制度变迁过程越困难;反之越容易。由此可发现,在放松完全竞争市场的假设前提条件下,当事人的决策不可能不受到历史沉淀成本的影响。因此,只有当事人对历史沉淀成本的约束条件作出正确的理性反应,才能使其决策更加贴近真实世界,这对于全面认识制度变迁过程具有重要的理论创新意义和现实指导价值。     

普通高校大学生体育锻炼态度影响因素的调查研究——以长沙市大学生为例

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数据统计法等,对长沙市普通高校大学生体育锻炼态度进行调查研究,结果表明：1.大学生的锻炼态度表现在八个维度的得分上都比较高,说明长沙市普通高校大学生体育锻炼态度普遍良好。2.大学生的体育锻炼态度受性别差异的影响因素,男生的体育锻炼态度普遍比女生要强。3.体育锻炼态度很大程度上影响了锻炼者的锻炼行为,而其锻炼行为又影响了体育成绩。     

开征环境污染税的理论和现实思考

随着我国工业经济的发展和人口的持续增加 ,环境污染愈益成为影响和制约我国经济可持续发展的重要问题。近年来 ,理论界和实务界一直在探索有关环境保护的有效手段。其中 ,开征环境保护税成为保护环境、促进经济可持续发展的一个重要方略。本文在分析我国适时开征环境保护税的理论依据和实践效应的基础上 ,评析了我国现行有关环境保护的税费政策 ,并借鉴西方国家的可行作法和有益经验 ,对我国适时开征环境保护税提出了初步设想     

体育健康教育对大学生身心健康的影响

体育健康教育不仅能增进大学生身体机能健康,同时还能调节与促进其心理活动向着健康的方向发展.通过对莱阳农学院部分大学生一些身心健康指标的测试与调查,分析和探讨体育健康教育与提高大学生身心健康的关系,并针对性地提出新时期高校体育健康教育有效开展的建议.     

多媒体技术在高校体育教学中的辅助作用

多媒体技术在体育教学中的运用使体育教学手段更加丰富多彩,与传统的体育教学方法相比,多媒体教学可以激发学生学习兴趣和积极性,提高学习效率.有利于解决教学中的重点和难点,有利于实施因材施教的个性化教学.并能够提高教师的素质和教学技巧,拓展体育教学的空间和范围.