Note From Iran: Self-Reported Elder Abuse in Qazvin, 2012

This brief report provides a first look at self-reported instances of elder abuse by a sample of people 60 years and older living in Qazvin, Iran. Six hundred community-dwelling persons, drawn from the registry files of each health center in Qazin, completed questionnaires during April to October 2012. At least 80% of the participants reported experiencing some form of psychological abuse, financial abuse, and/or neglect at least once during a 2-month period. Physical and sexual abuse were rarely reported. Despite a strong Iranian cultural emphasis on respect for elders, the self-reporting of elder abuse, especially psychological abuse, is greater than our expectation. We recommend that health-related policies and programs begin to identify elder abuse and neglect as a first step in prevention.     

试论健美操运动对大学生树立终身体育观的影响

高校体育作为学校体育教育的最高层次和最后环节,是学校体育与体育社会化的转折点和学与用的衔接点。因此对大学生来说终身体育教育是我国高校体育教育的重要课题之一。健美操运动不仅能全面锻炼身体的各个部位,更能培养大学生自觉运动的能力和习惯,从而影响他们,使之形成终身体育的观念。     

The Tempo of Sexual Activity and Later Relationship Quality

Rapid sexual involvement may have adverse long‐term implications for relationship quality. This study examined the tempo of sexual intimacy and subsequent relationship quality in a sample of married and cohabiting men and women. Data come from the Marital and Relationship Survey, which provides information on nearly 600 low‐ to moderate‐income couples living with minor children. Over one third of respondents became sexually involved within the first month of the relationship. Bivariate results suggested that delaying sexual involvement was associated with higher relationship quality across several dimensions. The multivariate results indicated that the speed of entry into sexual relationships was negatively associated with marital quality, but only among women. The association between relationship tempo and relationship quality was largely driven by cohabitation. Cohabiting may result in poorer quality relationship because rapid sexual involvement early in the romantic relationship is associated with entrance into shared living.     

Assimilation,segregation, or integration? A teaching project examining approaches to religious and ideological diversity in the classroom

In this article, we describe the multiple phases of a project that was constructed around the real case of a young Muslim student who wished to be exempted from coeducational physical education on religious grounds. When the school refused her initial request, she decided to take legal measures which ended up in the German Federal Administrative Court. The court ultimately ruled in her favour. Her case was selected as the core ingredient for a new teaching project, which studies acculturation from different perspectives, and examines the complex balance between individual rights and societal duties, as defined by constitutional law in the Federal Republic of Germany. This case demonstrates that the majority society, represented in this study by the school, at times needs to change traditional educational policy in order to further national goals of integration; not as a compromise, but as a fair balance of interests. The project was implemented successfully as an integrated part of teacher preservice education occurring towards the end of the first academically based phase of their training.     

制度变迁过程的历史沉淀成本效应分析

在新古典完全竞争市场理论——历史沉淀成本决策无关性的假设前提背景下,从未来不确定性、信息不完全和财务预算约束等角度考察历史沉淀成本对制度变迁过程的影响,为制度变迁过程确立一个新的分析视角,从而弥补了原有研究的不足。在现实经济生活中,市场不完全是常态,有限理性、交易成本、信息不完全和环境不确定性等因素普遍存在,历史沉淀成本很容易发挥作用,从而表明:未来越不确定,信息越不完全,资源越稀缺,导致财务预算越硬,历史沉淀成本效应越大,制度变迁过程越困难;反之越容易。由此可发现,在放松完全竞争市场的假设前提条件下,当事人的决策不可能不受到历史沉淀成本的影响。因此,只有当事人对历史沉淀成本的约束条件作出正确的理性反应,才能使其决策更加贴近真实世界,这对于全面认识制度变迁过程具有重要的理论创新意义和现实指导价值。     

近代西方传教士在河北地区的医疗卫生活动

近代以来,西方传教士在河北地区开展了一些医疗卫生活动,如开办医院、诊疗所,进行巡回医疗、卫生防疫、兵灾救护等.传教士的医疗卫生活动在一定程度上改变了河北地区落后的医疗卫生状况,救治了大批病患,促使民众卫生观念开始发生转变,推动河北地区医疗卫生向近代化转型.但由于自身及社会历史原因,传教士开展的医疗卫生活动也带有一定局限性,制约了其医疗卫生功能的发挥.     

湖南高校公共体育教师教学积极性的影响因素与对策研究

根据影响湖南省高校体育教学积极性因素的调查和分析,社会地位、教学工作成就感、职业压力、教学评价、教学条件等是影响湖南省高校体育教师教学积极性的主要因素,因此．应有相关对策加以解决。     

论现代竞技蹦床运动的特征

通过论述现代竞技蹦床运动的特征:蹦床项目有自身的技术特征和身体素质特征;蹦床训练要体现出一般素质专项化、专项素质技术化和基本技术素质化的特点,旨在为蹦床运动的科学化训练提供一些有益的理论参考,以促进我国蹦床运动的竞技水平的迅速提高。     

推行体育选项课深化教育改革

为贯彻落实教育部《关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》精神,学校体育教育要树立“健康第一”的思想,加强体育教育的改革力度。我校从2002年开始,在体育课教学中推行体育选项课制度,作为体育教学改革的突破口,取得了可喜的成果。通过几年的试行情况,浅析开设体育选项课的利弊关系。