商业环境空间的设计探索

现代商业环境空间设计需要满足人们的生理、心理等要求 ,需要综合地处理人与环境、人际交往等多项关系 ,需要在为人服务的前提下 ,满足使用功能、经济效益、舒适美观、环境氛围等种种要求。由于设计的过程中矛盾错综复杂 ,问题千头万绪 ,设计者要清醒地认识到必须坚持以人为本、为人服务的思想 ,把满足人和人际活动的需要作为设计的核心。设计者始终要把人对商业环境空间的需求———包括物质使用和精神两方面———放在设计的首位。同时本着“多样化统一”的观点 ,塑造出各具特色的商业空间环境     

论马尔库塞的《爱欲与文明》中的人与自然观

马尔库塞的《爱欲与文明》一书中包含着深刻的人与自然观。依照弗洛伊德理论 ,人与自然的冲突起源于原始本能的“放荡不羁”,所以 ,要发展文明必须压抑性欲。但马尔库塞认为 ,对性欲的压抑不仅不能促进文明的进程 ,相反却隐藏着严重的人与自然的危机 ,对爱欲的约束最终将摧毁自然及人类自身。因此 ,要发展文明 ,只能通过对爱欲的解放 ,从而解放自然 ,最终达成人的解放     

An overview of the Salmonella enteritidis risk assessment for shell eggs and egg products.

This article summarizes a quantitative microbial risk assessment designed to characterize the public health impact of consumption of shell eggs and egg products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). This risk assessment's objectives were to: (1) establish the baseline risk of foodborne illness from SE, (2) identify and evaluate potential risk mitigation strategies, and (3) identify data gaps related to future research efforts. The risk assessment model has five modules. The Egg Production module estimates the number of eggs produced that are SE-contaminated. Shell Egg Processing, Egg Products Processing, and Preparation & Consumption modules estimate the increase or decrease in the numbers of SE organisms in eggs or egg products as they pass through storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. A Public Health Outcomes module then calculates the incidence of illnesses and four clinical outcomes, as well as the cases of reactive arthritis associated with SE infection following consumption. The baseline model estimates an average production of 2.3 million SE-contaminated shell eggs/year of the estimated 69 billion produced annually and predicts an average of 661,633, human illnesses per year from consumption of these eggs. The model estimates approximately 94% of these cases recover without medical care, 5% visit a physician, an additional 0.5% are hospitalized, and 0.05% result in death. The contribution of SE from commercially pasteurized egg products was estimated to be negligible. Five mitigation scenarios were selected for comparison of their individual and combined effects on the number of human illnesses. Results suggest that mitigation in only one segment of the farm-to-table continuum will be less effective than several applied in different segments. Key data gaps and areas for future research include the epidemiology of SE on farms, the bacteriology of SE in eggs, human behavior in food handling and preparation, and human responses to SE exposure.     

国外企业经营者报酬理论研究的新进展

企业经营者报酬在国外引起广泛的关注. 早期的主流学派代理理论集中于对报酬与业绩 的敏感性研究. 近期人力资本学派、劳动力市场学派和“企业组织”学派从经营者人力资本、经 理市场和企业组织特征等角度对企业经营者报酬理论又有新的发展. 未来的研究将通过注重 各种理论的融合,寻求经营者报酬的综合分析模型来推动这一领域研究的发展.     

中朝汉籍交流的文化史章

第一次公布了西北大学图书馆珍藏的朝鲜汉籍 49种 35 7册 ,按经、史、子、集四部分类研究了其独特的学术价值 ,特别是对收藏的李朝“奎章阁”皇家藏书源流作了系统论述 ,指出了中朝传统文化双向交流的源远流长 ,以期引起国际汉学界的重视     

知识经济与东南亚经济风波的启示

东南亚国家的经济风波说明 :在知识经济时代 ,国家经济的整体活力与发展潜力将更多地取决于知识、技术与人才。这对面向 2 1世纪的世界各国 ,特别是我们这样的发展中国家来说 ,有着深刻的启示意义 :( 1)必须建设国家创新体系 ;( 2 )努力提高知识创新能力 ;( 3)合理储备高智能的人力资本 ;( 4)积极推行“科教兴国 ,教育为本”     

关于完善“婚外恋”行为立法的几点思考

合法的婚姻家庭关系受法律保护。“婚外恋”引起的违法行为不仅违背了人们的道德观念,也开始引起立法上的争论。从法理上看,它破坏了法律保护的婚姻家庭关系,对之约束是可能的,从实践上看又是复杂的。我国现行法律法规对之已有一定约束,但远远不能体现法律的公平精神。在以后的立法完善工作中,还有许多制度值得参考,借鉴。     

Gender and income in pharmacy: human capital and gender stratification theories revisited

This is a case study of gender and earnings in pharmacy--a profession characterized by its rapid recruitment of female practitioners. We try to account for disparities in earnings between male and female pharmacists in Ontario with the aid of human capital theory and gender stratification theory. Data is drawn from a random sample of 463 Ontario pharmacists. We find a consistent sex gap in earnings regardless of occupational level of practitioners (i.e. owner, manager or employee) and net of such factors as hours worked, commitment to work, hours devoted to childcare, absences from the labour market, and years since graduation. Instead, the main reason why women in pharmacy earn less than males is because they remain employees throughout their careers. However, we are less successful at identifying the additional factors responsible for the depressed earnings of female practitioners. We discuss our findings in light of the claims of gender stratification and human capital theory.     

国际人权公约的法律监督

从有政治和道义价值的人权宣言在条件成熟时发展为有法律约束力的人权公约 ,对促进国际人权合作有积极意义。公约的法律监督以审评缔约国关于本国人权状况的报告为主 ,形成一套机制和操作程序 ,强调专家监督机构与缔约国间的对话。这与借人权之名搞政治对抗 ,是不同的。公约体制的实施是国际监督和尊重国家主权间取得某种平衡的过程     

Challenges to the Acceptance of Probabilistic Risk Analysis

This paper discusses a number of the key challenges to the acceptance and application of probabilistic risk analysis (PRA). Those challenges include: (a) the extensive reliance on subjective judgment in PRA, requiring the development of guidance for the use of PRA in risk-informed regulation, and possibly the development of robust or reference prior distributions to minimize the reliance on judgment; and (b) the treatment of human performance in PRA, including not only human error per se but also management and organizational factors more broadly. All of these areas are seen as presenting interesting research challenges at the interface between engineering and other disciplines.