悠远的虹桥——淮北柳孜运河遗址“石构建筑”之谜新探

安徽淮北市境内的柳孜运河遗址是全国重点文物保护单位,它有一个较大的"石砌建筑"遗物。有关专家认为:它可能是宋代的码头。但据本文考证,它是北宋时期所建造的"无柱飞桥"(俗称虹桥)的桥墩遗迹。     

城市历史地段更新模式研究

中国快速城市化进程中，城市历史地段面临新旧环境相融合的问题。通过典型实例对历史地段原有社会生态系统潜在联系的深入剖析，指出历史地段周边地区的更新改造应遵循整体控制与阶段开发相结合；商业运作与居民参与相结合；文化引导与居民自我管理相结合的改造策略，实行小规模渐进式的有机更新模式。     

ABC分析法在施工现场材料管理中的应用

分析施工材料管理的复杂性和重要性,利用ABC分类分析方法对其进行有效的管理,ABC分析在施工现场的应用分析步聚,以及ABC分析延伸。     

Decision Analysis for Utilizing Hazardous Waste Site Assessments in Real Estate Acquisition

When a buyer needs to purchase commercial or industrial property, the decision of what real estate to purchase should be based on an assessment of the total costs of acquisition. In addition to the direct purchase cost, other possible costs include hazardous waste site assessment studies and clean up costs if the purchased site proves to be contaminated. This paper presents a decision analysis model for determining when and which type of hazardous waste assessment tests should be conducted and how the test output affects the choice of site. The model assumes there are two types of hazardous waste assessment, an historical use review (phase 1 test)and soil and water sampling (phase 2 test). Model inputs include the cost, sensitivity and specificity for each type of test, a site's purchase price, and a priori probability of contamination, along with the clean-up cost for a contaminated site. The analysis uses the results of a data survey of 17 environmental engineering firms in setting values on the model input requirements. The paper also reports on sensitivity analysis with the model for the purpose of providing decision-makers with explicit protocols for test utilization.     

An evaluation of the American Community Survey: results from the Oregon test site

The American Community Survey (ACS) is a Census Bureau product designed to provide accurate and timely demographic and economic indicators on an annual basis for both large and small geographic areas within the United States. Operational plans for Census 2010 call for ACS to replace the decennial census long form (Census LF), pending the results of evaluation studies. This plan represents a major change in that variables that traditionally have been collected on a “snapshot” basis once every 10 years would be collected on a “rolling” annual basis. Using a loss function analysis and other tools, this paper reports preliminary findings from a comparison of ACS and Census 2000 results in Multnomah County, Oregon, one of five national “local expert” test sites set up to compare ACS data collected at the time of Census 2000. The preliminary findings suggest that there are notable differences between some of the corresponding variables found in the ACS and Census LF that require more detailed examination. For example, the loss function analysis reveals notable differences for race and disability variables. In other comparisons of corresponding variables between ACS and Census 2000, differences are found within each of the four major areas of interest: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) social characteristics, (3) economic characteristics, and (4) housing characteristics, with housing characteristics showing the least similarity overall. These results also suggest that more detailed examinations are needed to understand differences between corresponding variables collected by ACS and the Census LF.     

大遗址特性与保护利用模式探讨——以汉长安城遗址为例

本文以汉长安城遗址为例,分析了大遗址的特性,并对大遗址保护利用的传统模式进行了评价,提出了以"遗址保护展示区+建设控制区+文化产业园区"为特征的保护利用新模式,并对新模式的特质、新模式实施技术要点、保护利用策略和应用前景进行了初步研究.     

大辛庄遗址的考古发现与研究

大辛庄遗址是一处以商文化为主要内涵的古代遗址。遗址最初由当地农民发现于1935年,而最早把这一发现公诸于学术界的,则是英国人林仰山(F.S.Drake)教授。五十年代的两次勘探,探明了大辛庄遗址的面积,初步确认遗址的主要堆积和年代。1984年的发掘,建立起鲁北地区商文化陶器的发展序列。2003年春季的发掘,因发现商代甲骨文而引起海内外学术界的广泛重视。这是在商都殷墟以外首次于原生地层中发现甲骨卜辞,被誉为甲骨学史上具有界标意义的重大考古发现。这次发掘所发现的青铜器族徽,不见于以往著录,是研究商代历史和社会的重要资料。随着研究的深入,大辛庄遗址将愈益显示出其重要的学术地位。     

网络环境下人口和计划生育信息公开现状分析——基于29个省级部门网站的调查

对我国29个省级人口计生(卫生计生)部门门户网站的人口和计划生育信息公开情况进行调查,指出信息公开总体水平明显提高,但存在地区发展不平衡、重要信息公开不足、依申请公开效果微弱、网上申报结果查询功能缺失、回应质量不高等问题,提出规范人口和计划生育信息公开内容、拓展公众获取信息渠道、加快信息公开长效机制建设等解决对策。     

Blinded sample size re‐estimation in crossover bioequivalence trials

In drug development, bioequivalence studies are used to indirectly demonstrate clinical equivalence of a test formulation and a reference formulation of a specific drug by establishing their equivalence in bioavailability. These studies are typically run as crossover studies. In the planning phase of such trials, investigators and sponsors are often faced with a high variability in the coefficients of variation of the typical pharmacokinetic endpoints such as the area under the concentration curve or the maximum plasma concentration. Adaptive designs have recently been considered to deal with this uncertainty by adjusting the sample size based on the accumulating data. Because regulators generally favor sample size re‐estimation procedures that maintain the blinding of the treatment allocations throughout the trial, we propose in this paper a blinded sample size re‐estimation strategy and investigate its error rates. We show that the procedure, although blinded, can lead to some inflation of the type I error rate. In the context of an example, we demonstrate how this inflation of the significance level can be adjusted for to achieve control of the type I error rate at a pre‐specified level. Furthermore, some refinements of the re‐estimation procedure are proposed to improve the power properties, in particular in scenarios with small sample sizes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lead factory operationalisation and challenges

Abstract

This paper deepens the understanding of the lead factory concept by examining how the lead factory role is operationalised and what challenges are associated with it. The research is based on an explorative case study of eight Swedish lead factories in the manufacturing industry. The empirical findings suggest that the understanding of the lead factory concept should be extended as it is not restricted to one type of set-up. The findings show a spectrum ranging from an entire manufacturing plant, parts of a plant, to a virtual plant considered to be the lead factory. The research also shows a broad range of challenges experienced by lead factories. Several of these are related to and originate from unclear role, responsibility and mandate of the lead factory. The lack of dedicated resources for lead factory activities, specifically long-term development and difficulties in measuring the benefits of the role, were other challenges faced.