Getting Unstuck: Interdisciplinarity as a New Discipline

Most disciplines and subdisciplines consider their particular specialization to be valuable in itself and superior to other disciplines. But compared with the huge leaps in the physical sciences, the social/behavioral sciences and humanities have made little progress. Since many of the physical science advances were the result of the merging of disciplines, perhaps interdisciplinarity should be tried. One path to connecting disciplines, subdisciplines, and micro‐macro levels is suggested by Spinoza's idea of part/whole methodology, exactly balancing concrete instances with abstract theses. Ideas by B. Pascal, A. Koestler, A. N. Whitehead, and E. O. Wilson may also be helpful. Any discipline, subdiscipline, or level can serve as a valuable stepping‐off place, but to advance further, integration with at least one other viewpoint may be necessary. Two brilliant examples are The Civilizing Process, by the sociologist Norbert Elias, and Freudian Repression, by the psychologist Michael Billig. Koestler's idea of “bi‐sociation” may prove to be particularly rewarding. The way that Virginia Woolf's depiction of role‐taking in interior monologue preceded the idea in social science is an extraordinary example. The need for integration may be the single most important issue facing social science, the humanities, and their subdisciplines. Given the scope of the social/behavioral problems faced by humanity, the sooner the better.     

略论毛泽东与人民民主

毛泽东毕生为争取人民民主而奋斗,从为人民争取民主到为人民享受民主而殚精竭虑。他主张要扩大民主,吸引广大人民群众直接参加国家管理,确保人民民主权利的实现,以此根治官僚主义和坚持社会主义方向。     

农村义务教育投入:主体确认与保障机制研究

理论上教育是准公共产品,尤其义务教育,外部受益性极强,是全国性的公共产品,其经费应由政府投入。但在现实中,由于我国投入主体错位,导致农村义务教育投入严重不足,面临一系列问题。当务之急应该树立科学的教育发展观,建立合理的农村义务教育费用分担体制。     

新闻媒体对构建社会主义和谐社会的重要作用

新闻媒体在构建社会主义和谐社会中的作用突出地表现在预警、公关和维护公平三个方面。新闻媒体要担当起宣传建设和谐社会的重任,首先要认识本身在宣传构建和谐社会中的角色定位。社会主义和谐舆论环境的建设与和谐社会的构建相辅相成,新闻宣传就要严守党性、真实客观、贴近主题、传播及时。     

城市大型热源联网运行管网布置方案及水力工况比较

城市大型热源联网运行具有明显的社会、环境和经济效益．能有效地提高集中供热的安全性和质量．本文在分析联网运行制约因素的基础上．提出了一种新的联网方案：串联热源的同程式供热管网方案．该方案通过相互间加热网水．联网的各热源将各自的热最转移到城市的集中供热管网．各供热区间的管网布置为同程式．本文对其进行了初步的分析和研究．并着重讨论厂其在水力工况和水力稳定性方面的性质．     

“网运分离”模式下我国铁路运输业路运的竞争

为铁路运输业引入竞争以提高其效率,是一切改革方案的最终目的。“网运分离”模式为此提供了可能。虽然从理论上分析,“网运分离”后铁路运输业存在多种竞争形式,但真正有效的是线路运营权的竞争和与其它运输方式间的竞争两种。从有效竞争理论和可竞争市场理论分析,在我国铁路运输业引入竞争,需要政府、企业、社会多方面的努力。     

我国西部发展药用植物种植的机遇与对策

加入WTO后 ,中医药具有竞争优势 ;西部大开发的实施、野生药用资源的短缺和较高的市场价位 ,为西部地区发展药用植物种植业带来了难得的机遇 ,但经营方式落后、种植户抵御市场风险能力差、后续开发不力等因素制约着西部药用植物种植业的发展。因此 ,必须因地制宜 ,注重生态效益 ;采用产业化模式延长产业链 ;加大开发和推广力度 ;利用中医药的文化内涵发展旅游业。     

Banach空间中线性流形的单值度量投影算子部分

刘晶和王玉文于2001年引入并研究了Banach空间中线性流形的单值度量投影算子部分，但他们是在空间X和Y均自反、严格凸的强几何假定下来进行讨论的，这极不利于应用．我们在X和Y均是一般Banach空间的弱假定下，讨论并研究了Banach空间中线性流形的单值度量投影算子部分，并给出了该算子部分的结构的刻划．这为将比Lee S.J.与Nashed M.Z.所引进并研究的Hilbert空间集值线性映射包含的最小二乘解推广到Banach空间奠定了理论基础，所得的本质地推广了刘晶与王玉文的结果。     

Restructuring Flexibility: Case Studies of Part‐Time Female Workers in Six Workplaces

The article is based on six workplace case studies within a local economy and investigates the reasons behind the different utilization of part‐time workers within these workplaces. The research examines the content and nature of part‐time work in these organizations and the experiences of the part‐time workforce. The findings suggest that we need to distinguish between three types of part‐time workers; core, peak and ancillary. It is argued that such distinctions capture the variegated utilization of part‐time workers and contribute to the debate concerning the integration or marginalization of part‐time staff within workplaces. Furthermore, workplace cultures are an important arena for contextualizing these discussions. It is contended that the different uses of part‐time workers can be explained by different sectoral and organizational contexts but that the nature of part‐time work is also influenced by existing social relations within the workplace, notably with respect to gender, class and age.     

Challenging the Rhetoric of Choice in Maternal Labour‐Force Participation: Preferred Versus Contracted Work Hours

The notion of choice in maternal labour‐force participation (LFP) is a contentious one, with assertions that LFP is a direct result of either personal inclinations, such as employment commitment or external factors, such as historically available opportunities. This article suggests an alternative framework for understanding and testing choice in LFP using preferred versus contracted work hours. It explores these constructs quantitatively in a group of working mothers (N = 275) with dependent children and investigates qualitatively the underlying reasons for discrepant preferred versus contracted work hours in a sub‐sample of these women with under‐school‐aged children (N = 20). The results show that nearly two‐thirds of women working full time would prefer to work part time and the major reasons for not acting on their preferences is because of the nature of the job and the lack of career opportunities available for part‐time employees.