农村居民看病难、看病贵原因实证分析

利用扩展的线性支出系统模型(ELES),采用最小二乘法估计计算了我国农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格弹性。研究结果表明:农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格缺乏弹性。由于农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格缺乏弹性,加上我国目前医疗体制存在的以药养医和医疗机构的逐利行为以及医疗市场缺乏有效的监管等问题,导致农村居民看病难、看病贵。解决这个问题,需要国家增加对卫生领域的投入,降低农民看病时自费的比例,增强卫生市场的竞争性,适当使医疗卫生资源向农村地区倾斜,并逐渐把医疗机构办成非盈利机构。     

Column generation with free replicability in DEA

The evaluation of efficiency scores in data envelopment analysis is based on the construction of artificial decision making units subject to some assumptions, usually requiring convexity of the production possibility set. This demands divisibility in input and output, which is not always possible. The so-called free replicability model, proposed by Henry Tulkens, permits input and output to enter in only discrete amounts. The model is of a mixed integer programming type, for which the number of variables, here corresponding to the decision making units, may be critical in order to reach an optimal solution.     

经济增长与就业关系的比较研究——以少数民族地区与其他地区的比较为例

利用1997～2009年省际面板数据对我国少数民族地区和其他地区的动态就业弹性进行估计和比较,结果表明:少数民族地区的短期就业弹性显著低于其他地区,在添加了利率和工资水平作为控制变量之后,其他地区的短期就业弹性为少数民族地区的12.36倍。通过对模型估计结果进行分析之后可以得出结论:就业调整速度过低是导致少数民族地区短期就业弹性较小的重要原因。因此,提高少数民族地区的就业调整速度对于提高少数民族地区经济增长对就业增长的带动作用意义重大。     

产业就业弹性及区域对比——基于1990—2009的省(市)级面板数据

利用1990—2009的省(市)级面板数据估算了我国的就业弹性。对比了弧弹性与点弹性的估算结果,分别估算了第一产业、第二产业、第三产业的就业弹性,并分析了各产业就业弹性的地区(东部、中部、西部)差异。得到的主要结论是:技术进步在总体上表现出节约劳动倾向;产业结构对总体就业弹性的作用明显;东西部地区的产业就业弹性差异显著。从整体上来看,第二产业还具有较大的就业潜力,但从长远来看,第三产业将是拉动就业最重要的力量。     

基于变参数模型的流动性与上证综指收益率关系研究

研究了流动性与上证综合指数收益率之间的时间序列动态关系,并利用状态空间模型对流动性与上证综指收益率的动态关系进行了变参数分析。结论是:上证综指收益率对宏观流动性变动的时变弹性系数在近几年流动性过剩的背景下,呈现上升趋势。其中,能源、钢铁和金融行业时变弹性系数波动比较剧烈,而医药行业的时变弹性系数波动较小。证券市场(微观)流动性变动的时变弹性系数随着我国股票市场发展的逐步健全、完善而趋于平稳。     

Lattice path counting and the theory of queues

In this paper we will show how recent advances in the combinatorics of lattice paths can be applied to solve interesting and nontrivial problems in the theory of queues. The problems we discuss range from classical ones like M^a/M^b/1$M^a/M^b/1$ systems to open tandem systems with and without global blocking and to queueing models that are related to random walks in a quarter plane like the Flatto–Hahn model or systems with preemptive priorities.     

Micro-Level Estimation of Optimal Consumption Choice With Intertemporal Nonseparability in Preferences and Measurement Errors

This article investigates the presence of habit formation in household consumption, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We develop an econometric model of internal habit formation of the multiplicative specification. The restrictions of the model allow for classical measurement errors in consumption without parametric assumptions on the distribution of measurement errors. We estimate the parameters by nonlinear generalized method of moments and find that habit formation is an important determinant of household food-consumption patterns. Using the parameter estimates, we develop bounds for the expectation of the implied heterogenous intertemporal elasticity of substitution and relative risk aversion that account for measurement errors, and compute confidence intervals for these bounds. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Pseudo Panel Data Models With Cohort Interactive Effects

When genuine panel data samples are not available, repeated cross-sectional surveys can be used to form so-called pseudo panels. In this article, we investigate the properties of linear pseudo panel data estimators with fixed number of cohorts and time observations. We extend standard linear pseudo panel data setup to models with factor residuals by adapting the quasi-differencing approach developed for genuine panels. In a Monte Carlo study, we find that the proposed procedure has good finite sample properties in situations with endogeneity, cohort interactive effects, and near nonidentification. Finally, as an illustration the proposed method is applied to data from Ecuador to study labor supply elasticity. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

中国2007绿色能源投入产出表编制及应用分析

基于最新的全国42部门投入产出表,创新性地编制出2007年全国能源投入产出表、全国绿色能源投入产出表,并在此基础上通过分析比较两表间的影响力系数、感应度系数及能源部门环境成本弹性系数,结果表明:煤炭开采业、石油开采业、火电业和炼焦业对其他部门的制约程度更大;石油开采业、石油加工业、火电业和炼焦业对其他生产部门的“拉动”作用明显下降;天然气开采业的感应度系数和影响力系数有明显改善;煤炭开采业、石油开采业、火电业和石油加工业的生产成本受环境治理成本变化影响较大.鉴此,提出中国“十二五”期间能源产业结构调整的有关政策建议.     

中国原料奶供给反应的实证研究——基于省际面板数据检验

利用1992-2008年河北省、内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省等8个省份面板数据,使用扩展的Nerlovian模型,检验了原料奶供给的反应程度。结果表明：前期产量对原料奶供给的正向作用最大,单产、存栏和WTO规则的影响次之,技术进步的作用较小;饲料价格的反向作用明显,是阻碍产出增长的主要因素;原料奶收购价格缺乏弹性,其短期和长期供给弹性分别为0.109和0.773,均衡状态调整周期约为7.1年。