Ageing Baby Boomers in Australia: Evidence Informing Actions for Better Retirement

The first Australian baby boomers are starting to retire. Consequently, it is essential to develop and apply a strong evidence base to facilitate their successful retirement and ongoing wellbeing. This review focuses on recent literature on pre‐retirement baby boomers to identify available research findings and gaps to be filled on retirement preparation. A notable shortage of empirical literature was found on pathways to retirement and financial plans. A trend emerged towards an intention to retire at an older age, and the main source of retirement income was expected to be superannuation. Over half of Australian boomers expect their savings to be sufficient; however, 30–50% anticipate a decline in their standard of living. The majority want the responsibility for funding retirement shared between the individual, government and employers. Further research is needed on the varying plans and expectations of men and women, of low‐skilled workers, and those from culturally diverse backgrounds.     

When Financial Intermediaries are Corporate Owners: An Agency Model of Institutional Ownership

Increasingly, the equity investments of individual investors are being channeled through financial institutions. This article posits that the role of institutional owners as financial intermediaries, and the resulting complexity that institutions bring to ownership, distinguish institutional ownership from individual ownership. I develop a model of institutional ownership, referred to as the nexus agency model (NAM), which reflects this complexity. The model provides a framework for identifying the potential additional agency costs to beneficial owners that are associated with owning via financial institutions. The degree to which owning via institutions benefits individual owners depends on the adequacy of the legal and regulatory environment and governance mechanisms in protecting individual owners' interests. The applicability of the nexus model to different institutional owner types is then demonstrated in a discussion of U.S. public and private pension plans and mutual funds, leading to the generation of a NAM-based research agenda for each type and across the types. The article ends with discussion of the model's applicability to non-U.S. institutional environments.     

基于多属性局内决策的应急预案启动模型

通过对突发事件造成损失的连续性扩展和结束时间部分信息的扩展,基于多属性决策方法和集结损失函数,研究管理者面对突发事件应该何时启动应急预案的问题。在没有突发事件损失函数信息的条件下,利用局内决策理论与方法构建了决策者何时启动应急预案的启动模型,并利用竞争比说明了该方案的有效性。在此基础上,通过数值分析验证了启动方案的有效性。     

农用地的评价及合理利用的探讨

农用地的评价与利用的研究,是人口与土地矛盾发展的客观要求,内容包括:(1)农用地评价的方法、原则、步骤、项目与指标的选择;(2)农用地对特定作物的单因子限制性强度和综合适应度;(3)对农用地利用现状的合理性及投入产出效益进行评估;(4)制定新的农用地利用规划,并保证经济效益、总产出最佳,作出新利用方式的后效评价。文章还对目前存在于我国土地评价中的几个问题进行了讨论。     

Bridges Together Creates & Shares Monthly Intergenerational Resources

This article discusses the recognized need for training to support intergenerational engagement. Bridges Together is leading the way in doing so amongst a variety of audiences including teachers, program directors in aging, librarians, mentors, grandparents and more. To establish a network for these audiences to learn, share, and connect; Bridges Together has recently launched a Membership Program so that monthly content can be distributed and individuals can be brought together to network. All of our collaboration aids in intergenerational engagement which is becoming a top priority and an approach to problem-solving within communities, schools, corporations, and families around the world.     

Overcoming Inertia: Do Automated Saving and Investing Strategies Work?

Many workers do not take advantage of savings opportunities provided to them at their workplace, nor do they always make wise investment decisions regarding employer plans. Various automated strategies have been implemented by employers with the objective of increasing retirement plan participation and, hence, the financial security of workers. Automatic strategies work by proactively arranging some type of action (e.g., plan enrollment) to occur unless people specifically opt out. This article examines and synthesizes previous empirical research about five automatic savings and investing strategies: (a) automatic retirement savings plan enrollment, (b) automatic contribution increases, (c) automatic portfolio rebalancing, (d) automatic rollovers, and (e) automatic investment plans. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed, along with implications for financial educators.     

设立我国特殊情形下之夫妻财产制的立法设想

鉴于市场经济条件下夫妻财产关系与社会交易安全的密切联系,在我国婚姻家庭法中增设特殊情形下适用的夫妻财产制类型是非常必要的。本文在论证了设立这类财产制的必要性的基础上,提出了相关的立法设想。     

Two sided acceptance sampling plans based on mml estimators

Alternative estimators that are robust to non-normality in the symmetric thick tailed situation are shown to yield much better results tl)an do [Xbar] and s. The particular estimators suggested in this paper are the Modified Maximum Likelihood estimators of Tiku (1967).     

Should I Stay or Should I Go?

Abstract

Data from a longitudinal study of older adults in an upstate New York county (N = 333) show that poor housing “fit” increases the likelihood that older adults are currently considering a move, as does lower residential satisfaction. Those adults who said only that they “might consider moving” focused on health transitions that might signal a need for a new housing situation. Residential satisfaction predicts actual moves even when controlling for moving plans. Older adults may be “pushed” to make a move by a crisis, but those older adults planning moves tend to be “pulled” into housing arrangements with desirable features.     

Financial literacy and the design of retirement plans

We design and administer a financial literacy test tailored to a specific defined contribution plan. We find that participants show fairly good knowledge of the basic mechanics of the plan, but are unable to differentiate among various investment options. Knowledge is particularly low among women, low income and low education employees. We also find some evidence that personal contributions lead to more knowledge. These results support plan designs that have few investment options and encourage personal contributions.