黄土高原植被建设中几个方向性问题的探讨

黄土高原植被建设多年来存在着造林成活率低、保存率低、林木生长率低的所谓“三低”现象。其原因很多 ,既有自然问题 ,也有技术问题 ,还存在着管理问题。生态学理论和多年的实践证明 ,仿拟自然植被群落结构是植被建设的基础 ;实施抗旱集流造林技术是植被建设的核心 ;开展人工植苗造林是植被建设的主要手段 ;加强对病、虫、鼠、兔、牛、羊危害的防治是植被建设的关键。这些方面的问题解决了 ,必将再造一个“山川秀美”的黄土高原地区。     

纪念性景观的植物配置——以南京市雨花台烈士陵园为例

烈士陵园作为一种纪念性景观,是城市绿地的重要组成部分,是集纪念、教育与游憩功能为一体的综合体。本文以南京市雨花台烈士陵园为例,从文化、空间、种植形式等方面对其植物配置进行了分析,并提出了一些建设、管理方面的措施,以期为未来的纪念性景观植物配置提供参考。     

《考工记》服饰染色工艺研究——试论"钟氏染羽"

《考工记》是成书于先秦时期的科技文化典籍,其中的《考工记.钟氏染羽》篇记载道:“钟氏染羽。以朱湛丹秫三月,而炽之,淳而渍之。三入为纁,五入为緅,七入为缁。”详细地描述了先秦的服饰染色工艺。虽然此处是针对染治鸟羽而言的,但其工艺技术和内在的文化意蕴却是和染布帛相同的,从侧面体现了先秦服饰艺术的伟大成就。     

Perceived Nuclear Risk, Organizational Commitment, and Appraisals of Management: A Study of Nuclear Power Plant Personnel

This study examined to what extent nuclear risk perceptions, organizational commitment (OC), and appraisals of management are associated with each other among nuclear power plant personnel. The sample consisted of 428 nuclear power plant workers who completed a questionnaire at their workplace. Perceived nuclear risk and OC were most closely related to the appraisals of the top management of the organization. As the trust in and satisfaction with the top management increased, perceived nuclear safety and acceptance of the organizational goals and values heightened. This result is discussed in the context of industrial safety management.     

Risk-Based Ranking of Dominant Contributors to Maritime Pollution Events

This report describes a conceptual approach for identifying dominant contributors to risk from maritime shipping of hazardous materials. Maritime transportation accidents are relatively common occurrences compared to more frequently analyzed contributors to public risk. Yet research on maritime safety and pollution incidents has not been guided by a systematic, risk-based approach. Maritime shipping accidents can be analyzed using event trees to group the accidents into "bins," or groups, of similar characteristics such as type of cargo, location of accident (e.g., harbor, inland waterway), type of accident (e.g., fire, collision, grounding), and size of release. The importance of specific types of events to each accident bin can be quantified. Then the overall importance of accident events to risk can be estimated by weighting the events' individual bin importance measures by the risk associated with each accident bin.     

Fault Trees vs. Event Trees in Reliability Analysis

Reliability analysis is the study of both the probability and the process of failure of a system. For that purpose, several tools are available, for example, fault trees, event trees, or the GO technique. These tools are often complementary and address different aspects of the questions. Experience shows that there is sometimes confusion between two of these methods: fault trees and event trees. Sometimes identified as equivalent, they, in fact, serve different purposes. Fault trees lay out relationships among events. Event trees lay out sequences of events linked by conditional probabilities. At least in theory, event trees can handle better notions of continuity (logical, temporal, and physical), whereas fault trees are most powerful in identifying and simplifying failure scenarios. Different characteristics of the system in question (e.g., a dam or a nuclear reactor) may guide the choice between fault trees, event trees, or a combination of the two. Some elements of this choice are examined, and observations are made about the relative capabilities of the two methods.     

海南中学生物教学植物资源库建构的方法

针对海南丰富的植物课程资源,结合中学生物新课程教学需要,利用Authorware6.0程序设计方法,将海南特有种子植物资源整合到海南中学生物植物资源库中,为教师备课和学生自主学习搭建一个共享的资源平台。     

认知视域下的句法最简性研究

句法理论最简化的科学性需要重新审视。通过“被动句”和“远距离依存关系”这两类典型句法结构的英汉语料对比,证明“最简方案”的具体操作,对语义“视而不见”,事实上增加了普遍语法的复杂性和语言的可学习性。语言的描述性限制和进化性限制限制要求允准取代规则推导,连并取代合并,冗余性词库取代非冗余性词库,多元分枝法取代二元分枝法树形结构。     

造林项目可持续发展影响因素研究

以2012年四川省农户调研数据为例,从农户的认知态度、农户特征、地块的自然特征、非农化程度、政策变量、林业生产经营特征以及经营林业的外部环境7个角度,探索造林项目可持续发展的影响因素。结果表明：7个变量均对造林项目可持续发展产生影响,其中农户的非农特征影响最大。因此,为了实现造林工程的可持续发展,提出以下政策建议：政府要加强造林补贴政策、森林生态意识的教育宣传工作;完善补贴激励制度;保证良好的林业经营外部环境;继续推进集体林权制度改革;加强农村基础设施建设;开拓非农就业渠道。     

水分胁迫条件下花生萎蔫对农艺性状的影响

在水分胁迫条件下进行了花生萎蔫对农艺性状影响的试验研究。结果表明,萎蔫次数与相对单株生产力、相对单株结果数呈显著的负相关;与相对单果重、相对饱果率相关不显著;与相对主茎高、相对总分枝数、生育期差值均无相关性。萎蔫可作为衡量花生抗旱性的依据之一。