Strategic Information Sharing in Competing Channels

We investigate strategic information sharing in two competing channels. The retailer in a channel can ex post decide whether to share private demand information with his upstream manufacturer after the content of information becomes known. We find that a retailer discloses low demand and withholds high demand to induce lower wholesale prices from his manufacturer. We show that a retailer should share less information when the retail market becomes more competitive, but should disclose more information when his capability to acquire information improves. When a decentralized supply chain competes with an integrated channel, we show that firms in the supply chain benefit from the rival channel's effort to improve information capability, that the incentive for the retailer in the supply chain to improve his information capability increases with the intensity of competition and with the rival channel's information capability, and that the retailer may not want to pursue perfect information acquisition even when doing so is costless. Extensive numerical studies demonstrate that similar results also hold for two decentralized supply chains competing with each other.     

商业银行加强人力资源管理 增强竞争优势的思考

如何提高人力资源管理水平 ,增强竞争优势是摆在商业银行人力资源管理者面前的一个严峻而重大的课题。本文认为商业银行应重塑人力资源管理理念 ,认清所面临的风险和挑战 ,结合商业银行的实际情况和人力资源国际化的要求 ,建立起充满生机与活力的人力资源管理体制     

Contest and scramble competitions in two bruchid species,Callosobruchus analis andC. Phaseoli (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Summary We performed multiple-generation competition experiments betweenCallosobruchus analis andC. phaseoli with different bean sizes. In each system, we supplied 5 g of mung beans (Vigna radiata) every 10 days. We examined three types of bean conditions: 5 g of large beans, 5 g of small beans, and a mixture of 2.5 g of large and small beans. In small bean condition,C. analis dominatedC. phaseoli in all three replicates andC. phaseoli was extinct by the 260th day. On the contrary,C. phaseoli overcameC. analis within 250 days in large beans in all three replicates. In mixed beans condition the two bruchid species coexisted more than 500 days in two out of the three replicates. Even in the exceptional case, both species coexisted for 460 days. These results were examined in the light of the predictions from short-term larval competition experiments and a game theoretical model by Smith and Lessells (1985). The density and frequency dependent results during larval competition inside a bean was concluded to be a main factor to produce the above long-term competition results.     

Factors affecting oviposition rate in the flour beetleTribolium castaneum and the origin of the population regulation mechanism

Summary The effects of egg cannibalism, conditioned medium and the presence of quinone secretions on oviposition rate were studied using single pairs of adults to eliminate any direct crowding effects. Most measurements were made on beetles confined to the surface of the flour medium in plastic towers. Oviposition rate was decreased by about 58% when pairs were transferred from fresh to conditioned medium; lowered about 25% when only quinones were present and the medium was still fresh; and enhanced 35% in dry conditions when beetles were provided with eggs to eat. Both the lowered oviposition rate in confined cultures and egg-eating may be explained by natural selection at the individual level. Cannibalizing eggs boosts a female's oviposition rate. The presence of quinones or conditioned medium indicates high population densities and acts as a signal for ceasing oviposition and dispersing to avoid high egg mortality. In confined populations, this results in population regulation, while in open populations, this strategy is a mechanism to avoid competition. It implies that the resource shortages normally experienced by such organisms are relative, not absolute.     

Mathematical model allowing the coexistence of closely related competitors at the initial stage of evolution

The mathematical model presented here aims to elucidate the essential mechanisms of coexistence of species, especially those of closely related forms, as a result of competition in the same environment. It describes a system where the fate of the competitors or mutants is observed at the initial stage of evolution. The model encompasses both the external variables and the internal state of the competitors, which differ only in one of the metabolic rate constants. Results of simulations, even with the simplified form of the model, show that stable coexistence of closely related forms in a uniform environment is possible. In addition, the model allows the analysis of the limitations on the level of differences and similarities among the competitors for achieving a state of coexistence. The essential mechanisms for the coexistence of closely related competitors are proposed to be the involvement of the metabolic network in allowing the same growth rate of competitors which have different internal states, and the interplay between the internal states of the competitors and the external variables of their environment.     

The Effect of Competition on R&D Portfolio Investments

Although project portfolio management has been an active research area over the past 50 years, budget allocation models that consider competition are sparse. Faced with the competition, firms contemplating budget allocation for their project portfolio cannot limit their attention to the returns from their projects' target markets, as is the case for monopoly firms, but must also anticipate the competitive effects on these returns. Assuming firms allocate their budgets between projects offering incremental innovation targeting a mature market and projects offering radical innovation targeting an emerging market, we show that while the monopoly firm bases its budget allocation decision solely on the marginal returns of the markets, competing firms—as they take into account their counterparts' investment decisions—need to also consider the projects' average returns from their respective markets. This drives competing firms into incrementalism: faced with competition, firms invest larger portions of their budgets into projects targeting mature markets. This effect is amplified as the number of competing firms increases and firms allocate an even greater share of their budget into projects targeting a mature market. We further demonstrate the effects that changes to firms' individual budgets, as well as to market characteristics, have on firms' budget allocation decision.     

重审胡以鲁《国语学草创》版本信息王继超

胡以鲁《国语学草创》在中国语言学史上具有十分重要的地位。目前学界对胡以鲁《国语学草创》的研究存在版本考证混乱的问题。今利用线上线下多种考证途径,最后得出结论:（1）该书首印于1913年,但当时并没有正式出版发行,而是线装自印本;（2）1923年由商务印书馆正式出版发行;（3）除了前两个版本以外,还有商务印书馆1926年再版以及1933年第三版。以《国语学草创》版权页的信息作为考证的基点,厘清该书的版本信息有助于准确了解胡以鲁的生平事迹和《国语学草创》的成书背景,对文献研究和辞书编纂而言具有十分重要的意义。另外,就语言学史研究而言,进一步保证了信息引用和注释的准确度。     

职业技能竞赛对高职院校教师胜任力的影响研究

培养和提升高职院校教师的胜任力,对推进职业教育教学改革,增强学校的核心竞争力,促进高职院校健康、高效、持续发展具有极其重要的作用,而通过职业技能竞赛的开展,教师参与职业技能训练的指导,对提升教师胜任力的作用是多方面、全方位的。     

高校非计算机专业计算机课程教学研究

现代信息环境下,高校非计算机专业计算机基础类课程的教学在提高学生素质方面起着非常重要的作用。在多年实践基础上,从基本的教学知识结构和体系架构、具体的理论与实践教学的设计到课外的数字化教学平台的配备和对学生学习的激励等各个课程教学环节进行了可行的改革研究,为提高该类课程的教学质量打下了良好的研究基础。     

应用因子分析法构建保险企业竞争能力评价体系

鉴于保险企业竞争能力在企业生存与发展中的重要作用,文章构建了中国保险企业竞争能力评价指标体系,并运用因子分析方法对我国保险市场中的28家保险企业的竞争能力进行了排序。结果表明,由原始数据得出的保险企业竞争能力的实证结果与现实情况基本相符,从而也证明了文章所构建的指标体系具有一定的科学性与合理性。该指标体系的建立可以为保险企业切实有效的提高竞争能力提供一些有价值的参考。