完整PbWO4晶体偏振性质的模拟计算

利用完全势缀加平面波局域密度泛函近似，计算了完整的PbWO4(PWO)晶体的电子结构，模拟计算了复数折射率、介电函数及吸收光谱的偏振特性．分析了各个吸收光谱的峰值所对应的可能的电子跃迁以及PWO晶体的偏振特性．     

Collective violence as social control

Collective violence is often social control: self-help by a group. It typically defines and responds to conduct as deviant. When unilateral and nongovernmental, it appears in four major forms—lynching, rioting, vigilantism, and terrorism—each distinguished by its system of liability (individual or collective) and degree of organization (higher or lower). Following Donald Black's paradigm of pure sociology, the central assumption is that collective violence varies with its location and direction in social space—the conflict structure. I offer ten propositions that predict and explain the likelihood and severity of collective violence in general and the four forms of collective violence in particular. Conflict structures with a high degree of relational distance, cultural distance, functional independence, and inequality between the adversaries are associated with collective violence in general. Each of the four forms depends on the degree of social polarization between the parties as well as the continuity of the deviant behavior to which the violence responds. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 1992, and the Centennial Congress of the International Institute of Sociology, University of Paris (Sorbonne), Paris, June 1993.     

我国改革开放以来贫富两极分化的心理承受力分析

贫富两极分化,是改革开放以来我国社会分层研究不可回避的一个话题,它引起了一系列的社会、政治、经济、文化问题,人们对贫富两极分化的心理承受力的减弱,加重了解决这一系列问题的难度。本文从社会学的角度,对我国贫富两极分化及其心理承受力的现状,形成原因作了详尽的分析,特别提出了解决途径。     

地方财政收入的空间非均衡、收敛性与极化研究

利用1994—2012年的中国省际经济数据,对地方财政收入的空间非均衡特征、收敛性与极化进行实证研究,结果表明:地方财政收入具有显著的空间非均衡特征;地方财政收入空间分布的总体差距呈现缩小趋势,其中地区间差距是地方财政收入差距的主要来源;考虑空间相关性前,地方财政收入增长存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛;考虑空间相关性后,地方财政收入增长的绝对β收敛速度大大上升,条件β收敛速度大大下降;地方财政收入空间极化程度呈现先上升后下降的趋势。     

中国农村地区间收入极化及构成变动——一个新的动态分解公式及其应用

对新发展的极化测度指标及其分解公式做进一步的分解,并分析了中国农村地区间人均纯收入的极化及其变动。结果表明:2006年之前极化程度波动上升,随后逐年下降;从收入来源的角度来看,工资性收入对极化程度的贡献最大,而财产性收入和转移性收入对极化程度的贡献逐年提高;收入变动的结构效应会导致极化程度的提高,而集中效应会导致极化程度的降低。     

Negotiating the ground: ‘mobilizing’ a divided field site in the ‘post-conflict’ city

ABSTRACT

While an exploration of mobility patterns in ‘post-conflict’ societies has much to tell us about how division is produced through ordinary activities, less work has considered the practical application of a mobilities ‘lens’ during fieldwork in such contexts. Negotiating the ground in highly polarized contexts presents a unique array of challenges, but also offers opportunities to make use of mobile methodologies. This paper discusses the advantages of GPS-based technologies and walking interviews to a recent activity-space segregation study in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and reflects on methodological issues posed by the ‘post-conflict’ field site.     

Implications of Large Burial Sites of Songze Culture

江苏省张家港市东山村崧泽文化早中期大墓的发现, 证明长江下游在距今 五千七、八百年以前已存在明显的社会分化, 初级王权已经产生, 社会已进入“古 国” ¹ 1 “古国” (guguo), a concept put forward by Su Bingqi, literally means “ancient state.” This literal translation is adopted in this paper. However, the author believes that in Su’s theory, guguo is roughly equivalent to “chiefdom” in the West. 阶段。在中国古代文明演进过程中, 率先开始社会重大转型的不是黄河中游的 中原地区, 也不是以古长城地带为中心的北方地区, 而是崧泽文化所在的长江下游地 区。该遗址的发现还表明, 在文明化进程中, 中国古代最早出现的 “古国” 的性质和 表现形式并不完全一样, 有的是神权至上, 有的是王权至上, 从而导致其发展方向和 发展前途的不同。

关键词: 崧泽文化 社会分化 王权

The discovery of large burial sites belonging to the early and middle stages of Songze Culture at Dongshan Village, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, shows that distinct social polarization had already emerged in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5,700 or 5,800 years ago, when the initial stage of kingly power had taken shape and society had entered the stage of the “ancient states.” In the course of the evolution of ancient Chinese civilization, this area—rather than the Central Plains in the middle reaches of the Yellow River or the northern area centered around the ancient Great Wall—was the first to experience significant social transformation. This discovery also indicates that when the “ancient states” first appeared, they varied in form and character: some took the form of theocracies while others were dominated by kingly power. These differences meant that they developed in different directions and had different outcomes.     

Women's Occupational Trends in the Irish Economy: Moving towards High‐skilled Occupations or Evidence of Deskilling?

In recent years the increased participation of women in the Irish labour market and in tertiary education would appear to have placed them in an advantageous position to make use of the expanded opportunities in knowledge‐based occupations. Using occupational data from the 1996 and 2006 census this article examines the experience of women in high‐ and low‐skilled occupations. The data indicate that women are over‐represented in high‐skilled occupations relative to their overall participation rate in the labour force but there is also an increase in the proportion of women in low‐skilled occupations. The employment of women in high‐skilled occupations is substantially weaker in the private sector than the public sector. Public sector employment, we argue, is a crucial factor in the increased participation of women in high‐skilled occupations.     

合芜蚌文化创意产业集群发展机制——基于极化效应视角的分析

安徽合芜蚌地区,依赖其文化创意核心竞争优势,产生五大文化创意产业,并在极化效应持续作用下,形成文化创意产业集群。合芜蚌文化创意产业集群,虽已初具一定产业规模,但通过研究该产业集群形成机制,不难发现其发展瓶颈问题仍较为突出,因而,应从增强极化引力方面入手,突破该产业集群发展瓶颈,努力提升该产业集群发展水平。     

试论邓小平的贫富观及其理论和现实意义

邓小平在领导中国人民脱贫致富过程中,彻底纠正了毛泽东在贫富问题认识上的偏差和失误,透辟分析了我们长期不能摆脱贫困落后状态的根本原因,明确指出了消灭贫穷的必要性、战略步骤和根本途径,形成了以改革开放为动力,以解决"三农"问题为重点,先富带动后富、后富赶超先富并最终达到共同富裕的辩证贫富观.深入研究邓小平的贫富观,无论是对于我们坚持和发展邓小平理论,还是对于改善和保障民生,促进社会和谐,都具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.