李大钊社会主义思想的当代价值

李大钊是为中国选择社会主义方向，开辟中国革命新时代的伟大先驱。他在短暂的革命历程中所构建的社会主义思想在今天依然有着十分重要的现实价值。他对社会主义的坚定信念和执着追求并为之而献身的牺牲精神，他认识和研究马克思社会主义理论的科学态度，他在理论与实践的结合上对中国革命规律的艰辛探索等，对新时期人们进一步深化对社会主义建设规律的认识，促进社会主义社会的发展与进步都具有长期的指导意义。     

幸福学视角下的公共政策价值重塑

我国公共政策的价值取向是一种以效率和公平为基点的双重价值取向,但效率和公平之间的冲突不利于公共政策方案的选择和评价。幸福学的研究为公共政策的价值重塑提供了全新的视角。我国的公共政策应将幸福确立为终极价值取向,从而形成由幸福、效率、公平构成的三维价值取向。     

Forced to work and liberated from work

The work-welfare nexus is essential in all social policy regimes. The question is in what situations individuals should be entitled to social welfare benefits and in which situations they should be obliged to work. Social welfare law and administrative practices define mechanisms that separate the deserving poor from people able to work. This article analyses the functions and character of these "separation mechanisms" in Sweden during three periods in history: a) in rural society in the late 19th century; b) in industrial society during the successful years of the Swedish model from World War II until the late 1970s; and c) the present, including the period of welfare retrenchment and reconsideration since the early 1980s. The conclusion is that Swedish social policy has always been strongly work-oriented, but the specific form and content of the work ethic has varied under the influence of different ideologies and handled in different social policy institutions. Under specific conditions the work line has been either generous or restrictive and it has been based on structural attempts to improve the opportunities to work as well as on attempts to strongly pressure the individual to work. The work line of today is seen as an interesting attempt to combine an effort to create good work through improved work conditions and an effort to reinforce elements of work enforcement in the social insurance system.     

Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

A Process for Incorporating Comparative Risk into Environmental Policymaking in Louisiana

The goal of Louisiana's 1990–1991 comparative risk project, also called the Louisiana Environmental Action Plan (LEAP), was to incorporate risk assessment into state environmental planning and policymaking. Scientists, government officials, and citizens were brought together to estimate the relative risk to human health, natural resources, and quality of life posed by 33 selected environmental issues. The issues were then ranked according to their relative estimated risks. It was hoped that this ranking of "comparative risks" would enable state policymakers to target the most important environmental problems and allocate scarce public resources more rationally and efficiently. As a result of the project, the governor issued an Executive Order forming a permanent Public Advisory Committee to continue this type of comparative risk assessment in Louisiana.     

试论研究生数学素养与创新能力

研究生学习与本科生学习的主要区别在于科研与创新。科研的实质在于创新,数学素养和数学能力对于创新意识和创新能力的获得至关重要。就数学理性思维在创新活动中的作用,数学作为工具其先进性对论文前瞻性的影响,数学与其它学科的融合及边缘学科的产生和发展,数学的抽象美感与应用专业的和谐等角度进行分析,论述数学对于研究生学位论文层次及创造性思维活动能力的深刻影响。     

中国新世纪发展战略指导思想--江泽民同志创新思想研究

江泽民同志创新思想回应了时代发展的要求 ,是中国社会主义现代化建设全面推向 2 1世纪的发展战略指导思想。笔者从创新的根本、目标、核心、关键、基础、基本方针、保障体系、持续性诸方面系统地阐述了江泽民同志创新思想是一系统的科学理论体系。进而提出江泽民同志创新思想是中国社会全面发展、全面进步的可持续发展理论 ,是抓住机遇、应对挑战、加速发展的战略指导思想     

《金属材料与热处理》教法探究

对如何在《金属材料与热处理》课堂教学中培养提高学生的学习能力,从动力、基础及主要环节与关键问题等方面作了粗浅的研究与探讨。     

Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child‐Care Assistance Policies

Given the fragmented structure of child‐care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child‐care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child‐care assistance. Considering all forms of assistance, the distribution of child‐care help is targeted in both expected and some unexpected ways. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of U.S. child‐care policies governing access and benefit levels.     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。