语用原则中的文化冲突

在跨文化交际活动中,由于中西方文化冲突,人们对语用原则即合作原则和礼貌原则的使用和遵守有 不同的侧重。     

社会语用距离、话语礼貌与翻译中的礼貌原则

礼貌是一种社会文化现象,也是人际交往的基本准则。话语是交际双方特定社会语用距离的反映,话语礼貌取决于交际双方对交际语用距离推断的一致程度及后起的应对策略。交际语用距离在动态语境中推断和确定并随交际因素的改变而改变,话语礼貌具有相对性、动态性和可协调性。翻译应当重视语用距离与话语礼貌的关系、语言选择对话语礼貌策略的影响,明确话语礼貌拟定的相对性、动态性和可协调性,力图实现礼貌对等。     

汉英语中不满言语行为的礼貌策略

以Leech的礼貌原则和Brown＆Levinson的面子理论为基础,依照Blum＆Kulka等学者对言语行为三层面的分析方法,对广义的汉英语不满言语行为进行了研究,提出了九种汉英不满言语行为使用的礼貌策略,并做了对比分析。     

“清远有礼”是傅玄树立的德目

本文认为“清远有礼”作为臣节是晋朝散骑常侍傅玄上疏朝廷要求树立的德目。清浊之争自东汉以来成为政权上斗争的焦点,社会公认“清”是正直官僚、士子的形象特征,“浊”是宦官佞臣的标识,“清远有礼”是对直臣全面的道德要求。傅玄认为,“举清远有礼之臣”不仅有利于朝廷做到“教化隆于上,清仪行于下”,而且也有助于改变曹魏政权以来朝野盛行的“虚无放诞”之风,有助于巩固仁义道德之礼防     

Grice语用学理论与荀子语用学思想比较研究

以会话含义理论为线索,分析合作原则的四准则(及其违反)在《荀子》中的体现,可以证明会话含义理论早在两千年前就已被我国古代思想家荀子所认识;同时,荀子的言语“礼”性特征实质上解释了会话含义理论产生的主导因素,从而超越升华了Grice的会话含义理论,为后人补充与完善Grice会话含义理论起到了启示与预见作用。     

照应现象与礼貌原则

照应现象在认知语言学界引起了广泛的关注,Ariel的可及性理论可全面地对照应进行诠释。在语篇中,代词的使用与礼貌现象有蓍千丝万缕的联系。西方礼貌理论汗牛充栋,而其中以Spencer-Oatey的人际关系理论因为其跨文化视野,具有更广泛的阐释力。因此将以代词视角的选择和心理空间理论为出发点,利用Spencer-Oatey的人际关系理论对汉语中的代词照应现象进行分析。     

Politeness as signs of difference: Semiotic differentiation and identity among Taiwanese in China

This study examines a prevalent discourse on Taiwanese politeness as part and parcel of identity and ideological work among Taiwanese residing in China. Using as data spontaneous discussions about politeness in interviews and online forum posts that evaluate politeness, this study explores how politeness is taken up as a sign to index Taiwan–China differences and how identity is simultaneously constructed throughout this ideological work, focusing on the succession of semiotic differentiations within or across talks and texts. Throughout this process, various qualitative contrasts are made and grouped by the soft/hard schema, and differentiation between Taiwan and China is constructed. The study also considers relevant historical and social conditions and explores how the complex Taiwan–China relations may give rise to the prevalence of such a discourse.     

词语滥用引发词义贬值——以“大师”一词为中心

大师本来是表示尊敬的褒义称号,但由于当下对这一称号的滥用,它可能出现词义贬值;久之,该词会产生词义贬化。这种词义贬化现象在语言中不乏其例,其原因当与语用上的礼貌原则有关系。     

Social relationships and shifting languages in Northern Thailand1

This paper explores how speakers’ understandings of the conduct of social relationships mediate changing and socially distinctive syncretic language practices in a Northern Thai community. Although a shift away from vernacular (Kam Muang) speech styles to Standard Thai was emblematically tied to young and urban speakers in nostalgic discourses, syncretic speech styles and metalinguistic discourses also reflected local and socially positioned understandings of institutional roles and social relationships. I argue that scholars of language change and shift should foreground the mediating role of social relationships in speakers’ uses and understandings of their communicative repertoires across multiple timescales.     

客家方言语境下的英语礼貌语用失误

礼貌是人类社会中的普遍现象,在交际活动中起制约人们言行、协调人际关系的作用。但由于文化背景不同,汉族和英语民族在恪守礼貌时的言语方式和习惯差异很大。由于对英语民族礼貌文化缺乏认知,跨文化交际中,客家学生往往会下意识地用自己的礼貌观来指导自己的思想和言行,易将客家文化中的礼貌准则移用于英语交际,从而引发诸多语用失误。